We demonstrate the generation of 68 fs secant hyperbolic pulses at a 105 MHz repetition rate with an average power of 520 mW from a diode-pumped Yb(3+):CaGdAlO(4) mode-locked laser. A semiconductor saturable absorber allows passive mode locking, and a 15 W diode laser is used to pump directly the crystal. To our knowledge this represents the highest average power ever obtained for a sub-100 fs ...

In the present study the problem of mixed convection flow in the presence of magnetic field in a lid-driven square cavity with internal heat generation or absorption and uniform heating of bottom wall were investigated numerically. The square cavity vertical walls are maintained at cold temperature while the upper wall is insulated. The physical problem is then expressed mathematically by a set...

Forecasting models have wide applications in decision making. In the real world, rapid changes normally take place in different areas, specifically in financial markets. Collecting the required data is a main problem for forecasters in such unstable environments. Forecasting methods such as Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and also Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) need ...

Forecasting models have wide applications in decision making. In the real world, rapid changes normally take place in different areas, specifically in financial markets. Collecting the required data is a main problem for forecasters in such unstable environments. Forecasting methods such as Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models and also Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) need ...

Granular computing has been applied in many fields to solve problems and describe many spaces at different granularity and hierarchies. This paper proposes a rule generation approach based on granular computing in the frame of rough mereology. The proposed approaches generates a single rule granule from granular space in each step instead of selecting a suitable attribute according to some meas...

Spontaneous mutation to mildly deleterious alleles has emerged as a potentially unifying component of a variety of observations in evolutionary genetics and molecular evolution. However, the biological significance of hypotheses based on mildly deleterious mutation depends critically on the rate at which new mutations arise and on their average effects. A long-term mutation-accumulation experim...