Avian influenza viruses are now widely recognized as important threats to agricultural biosecurity and public health, and as the potential source for pandemic human influenza viruses. Human infections with avian influenza viruses have been reported from Asia (H5N1, H5N2, H9N2), Africa (H5N1, H10N7), Europe (H7N7, H7N3, H7N2), and North America (H7N3, H7N2, H11N9). Direct and indirect public hea...

OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the frequency of pH1N1 transmission between humans and swine on backyard farms in Tumbes, Peru. DESIGN Two-year serial cross-sectional study comprising four sampling periods: March 2009 (pre-pandemic), October 2009 (peak of the pandemic in Peru), April 2010 (1st post-pandemic period), and October 2011 (2nd post-pandemic period). SAMPLE Backyard swine serum, ...

Despite the recent advances in avian influenza viruses surveillance and genomic data, fundamental questions concerning ecology evolution of these remain elusive. In Egypt, H5N8 highly pathogenic (HPAIVs) are co-circulating simultaneously with HPAIVs subtypes H5N1 low-pathogenic (LPAIVs) subtype H9N2 both commercial backyard poultry. order to isolate AIVs from wild birds assess their potential c...