Insecticides resistance against fourteen field populations of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Chichawatni, District Sahiwal, Pakistan to six insecticides viz., trichlorfon, malathion (Organophosphates), bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin (Pyrethorids) , methomyl (Carbamate) and spinosad (Microbial) was assessed by topical assay under laboratory conditions. In insecticides b...

BACKGROUND Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) represent a major biosecurity threat to the horticulture sector of New Zealand, which is entirely free of these invasive pests. A nationwide surveillance programme is conducted to ensure any incursion is detected as early as possible. A review of the lure dispensers used is reported here. RESULTS Lure dispenser emission trials found that the curre...

Spinosad (a mixture of spinosyns A and D, Fig. 1) is a new and highly promising insecticide, derived from the bacteria Saccharopolyspora spinosa, with efficacy against a wide range of insects. The mechanism of action of spinosad appears to be unique, with a primary site of attack being the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a secondary site of attack being g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) r...

Polyphenols are a wide family of compounds found in fruits and vegetables, wine, tea, cocoa, and extra-virgin olive oil, which exhibit strong antioxidant activity by scavenging different families of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). One of the most effective members of the polyphenol family in terms of free radical scavenging is hydroxytyrosol, 2-(3,4dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol (Fernández-Bolaños et a...

The phenolic composition of olive fruits (Olea europaea L.) (cv. Picual, Villalonga, Alfafarenca, and Cornicabra) grown in different areas of Spain was studied by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Different levels of tyrosol, catechin, p-coumaric acid, rutin, luteolin, and oleuropein were observed in the different varieties analyzed. Treating the fruit with 0.3% Brotomax...

Tephritid fruit flies, or "true" fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) include approximately 500 genera and 4800 valid species (Norrbom 2004), whose vast majority (95%) is represented by phytophagous species (reviewed in Aluja and Norrbom 1999). Among them, frugivorous flies represent approximately 25–30% of all tephritid species, occur in tropical and temperate regions of all continents except th...

Methyl eugenol (ME) and cue-lure (C-L) traps to detect tephritid flies on the U.S. mainland were tested with and without insecticides under Hawaiian weather conditions against small populations of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), respectively. In comparative tests, standard Jackson traps with naled and the Hawaii fruit fly areaw...

Introduction Structure of plant phenolics or more hydroxy substituents Role of phenolics in olives Properties and function Phenolics as antioxidants Phenolics and fruit quality Factors affecting the phenolic profile of olives Varietal influences Other factors Olive development and maturation Processing and storage Oil production Table olives Analysis Sample preparation Quantification Chromatogr...

1 Dipartimento di Scienze dei Sistemi Colturali, Forestali e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy Received: 6 August 2007 – Accepted: 7 August 2007 – Published: 6 September 2007 Correspo...