Dormancy allows wild barley grains to survive dry summers in the Near East. After domestication, barley was selected for shorter dormancy periods. Here we isolate the major seed dormancy gene qsd1 from wild barley, which encodes an alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT). The seed dormancy gene is expressed specifically in the embryo. The AlaAT isoenzymes encoded by the long and short dormancy alleles...

Different winter barley cultivars showed various levels of genetic tolerance when they were exposed to different stress conditions. Therefore, investigations of interaction among genotypes (cultivars) and environments give useful information concerning yield stability and quality in barley (Blum, 1989; Ceccarelli et al., 1998, 2000; Lalić et al., 2007, 2009). Drought conditions frequently give ...

This work was undertaken to determine the kinds and amount of substances that would account for the previously demonstrated differential growth of Claviceps purpurea on guttation fluids from Rosen rye, Genesee wheat, and Traill barley seedlings. Chromatographic methods were used for determining amino acids and sugars, spot tests and spectrometric methods for inorganic materials, and microbiolog...

Objective. Barley sprout (Hordeum vulgare L.) contains 4.97% fat, 52.6% polysaccharide, and 34.1% protein along with a variety of vitamins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. Hexacosanol is one such compound from the barley leaf that might improve cholesterol metabolism by decreasing cholesterol synthesis. Method. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of barley sprou...

The wild ancestral form of barley, Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, is a valuable source for gene enrichment of cultivated barley. The purpose of this work was to study the area of distribution as well as the extent and structure of genetic variation of wild barley populations grown in Kazakhstan. It was found that distribution of wild barley populations in Kazakhstan is restricted to the most ...

The exact site of transgene insertion into a plant host genome is one feature of the genetic transformation process that cannot, at present, be controlled and is often poorly understood. The site of transgene insertion may have implications for transgene stability and for potential unintended effects of the transgene on plant metabolism. To increase our understanding of transgene insertion site...

Cereal lectins are a class of biochemically and antigenically related proteins localized in a tissue-specific manner in embryos and adult plants. To study the specificity of lectin expression, a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) embryo cDNA library was constructed and a clone (BLc3) for barley lectin was isolated. BLc3 is 972 nucleotides long and includes an open reading frame of 212 amino acids. The...

Qingke, the local name of hulless barley in the Tibetan Plateau, is a staple food for Tibetans. The availability of its reference genome sequences could be useful for studies on breeding and molecular evolution. Taking advantage of the third-generation sequencer (PacBio), we de novo assembled a 4.84-Gb genome sequence of qingke, cv. Zangqing320 and anchored a 4.59-Gb sequence to seven chromosom...

I . Pigs from 20 to 60 kg live weight were fed on cereal diets, supplemented only with vitamins and minerals, with and without supplementary lysine. 2. Growth rate, feed:gain ratio and carcass quality of pigs given a high-barley diet (75 barley meal, 23 % wheat offal) were inferior to those of pigs given a high-wheat offal diet (75 :h wheat offal, 23 yo barley meal). 3. On both diets, but parti...

The ability to access alleles from unadapted germplasm collections is a long-standing problem for geneticists and breeders. Here we developed, characterized, and demonstrated the utility of a wild barley advanced backcross-nested association mapping (AB-NAM) population. We developed this population by backcrossing 25 wild barley accessions to the six-rowed malting barley cultivar Rasmusson. The...