Managers of forested water supply catchments require efficient and accurate methods to quantify changes in forest water use due to changes in forest structure and density after disturbance. Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with as few as 0.9 pulses m−2, we applied a local maximum filtering (LMF) method and normalised cut (NCut) algorithm to predict stocking density (SDen) of a 69-...

This research aimed to develop statistical models predict basal area increment (BAI) for Araucaria angustifolia using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Tree species were measured their biometric variables and identified at the level. The data subdivided into three groups: (1) intraspecific competition with A. angustifolia; (2) first group of that causes interspecific (3) second angustifolia. W...

Humans and songbirds are among the rare animal groups that exhibit socially learned vocalizations: speech and song, respectively. These vocal-learning capacities share a reliance on audition and cortico-basal ganglia circuitry, as well as neurogenetic mechanisms. Notably, the transcription factors Forkhead box proteins 1 and 2 (FoxP1, FoxP2) exhibit similar expression patterns in the cortex and...

Carbons are considered as anode active materials in potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). Here, the correlation between material properties of disordered (non-graphitic) and ordered graphitic carbons their electrochemical performance carbon||K metal cells is evaluated. First, obtained from heat treatment petroleum coke at temperatures 800 to 2800 °C analyzed regarding microstructure surface propertie...

Midbrain dopamine (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal...

Intracanopy plasticity in tree leaf form is a major determinant of whole-plant function and potentially of forest understory ecology. However, there exists little systematic information for the full extent of intracanopy plasticity, whether it is linked with height and exposure, or its variation across species. For arboretum-grown trees of six temperate deciduous species averaging 13-18 m in he...

it has often been stated or implied that grazing is an important factor in the land degradation process, a suggestion supported by various research projects, and this study investigated the effect of livestock grazing on stem height, crowncover, production, basal diameter, stem biomass, litter, leaf-stem index (leaf to stem weight) , root diameter and weight and seed production per individual o...

Amphetamine-like stimulants exert well-known arousal-enhancing actions. Surprisingly, little is known concerning the neuroanatomical substrates through which these drugs enhance arousal. Previous work implicates a number of basal forebrain structures in the regulation of behavioral state. The current studies examined the effects of amphetamine infusions made directly within basal forebrain site...

Understory plants are important components of forest ecosystem productivity and diversity. Compared to biomass models of overstory canopy trees, few are available for understory saplings and shrubs and therefore their roles in estimation of forest carbon pools are often ignored. In this study, we harvested 24 understory species including 4 saplings, 9 tree-like shrubs and 11 typical shrubs in c...

An 82-year-old Caucasian woman had a long-standing history of recurrent Paget's disease of the right perianal region that was documented by multiple skin biopsies. Histological examination of a skin biopsy from an erythematous raised right perianal area revealed large rounded cells with ample pale staining cytoplasm scattered throughout the epidermis in multifocal nests and a flattened basal la...