We constructed a novel ATP amplification reactor using a continuous-flow system, and this allowed us to increase the sensitivity of a quantitative bioluminescence assay by controlling the number of ATP amplification cycles. We previously developed a bioluminescence assay coupled with ATP amplification using a batch system. However, it was difficult to control the number of amplification cycles....

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the major energy currency of the cell, exists in solution mostly as ATP-Mg. Recent experiments suggest that Mg2+ interacts with the highly charged ATP triphosphate group and Li+ can co-bind with the native Mg2+ to form ATP-Mg-Li and modulate the neuronal purine receptor response. However, it is unclear how the negatively charged ATP triphosphate group binds Mg2+ an...

This review is a synopsis of different bioprocess engineering approaches adopted for the production of marine enzymes. Three major modes of operation: batch, fed-batch and continuous have been used for production of enzymes (such as protease, chitinase, agarase, peroxidase) mainly from marine bacteria and fungi on a laboratory bioreactor and pilot plant scales. Submerged, immobilized and solid-...

Xanthan gum is an extracellular hetero polysaccharides of many industrial applications and produced by Xanthomonas campestris. This biopolymer is produced as extracellular product in submerged fermentation system. The production of xanthan was influenced by the concentration in glucose in medium. The maximal volumetric production of 17.9 g L was obtained in 80 g L glucose culture in shake flask...

ferritin is a macromolecule and is responsible for the long term iron storage function in human serum and plasma. recent studies have highlighted the role of cell phone exposure on central nervous system, immune function and reproduction. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the human serum ferritin level could be interfered by the exposure to the 900 mhz gsm cell phones. fifty huma...

Lignin degrading white rot fungi, Schizophyllum commune and Lenzites eximia were collected from the living tree of Tramarindus indica and burnt tree respectively from the Western Ghats region of Tamil Nadu, India. The fungi were used for the decolourization of azo dyes such as congored, methylorange, erichrome blackT and also for decolourization of the dye industry effluents. Removal of azo dye...

Lipid productivity of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was studied in a customized laboratory scale photobioreactor. Lipid yield increased when C. pyrenoidosa was subjected to stress conditions like different nitrogen sources, light intensities and modes of cultivation. It was observed that the growth rate of C. pyrenoidosa was directly proportional to light intensity and nitrogen concentrations. Of the t...