A charge equalisation circuit is proposed for the series-connected battery bank in a serial charging scheme. The charge equalisation is based on buck–boost conversion, and hence is essentially nondissipative. The subcircuit associated with each battery acts as a current diverter to transfer the excess charging current from the fully charged batteries to the flat ones. By dynamic redistribution ...

The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic system to maximize the photovoltaic array output power , irrespective of temperature , IR radiation, conditions and electrical characteristics of the load. A new MPPT system is developed consisting of DC to DC converter, which is controlled by microcontroller based unit. There are two charging stages for the proposed PV charger. At...

This paper addresses the modelling and simulation of a battery charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, with the objective of pro-actively scheduling the charging of up to fifty vehicles so as not to overcharge the electrical network. Benefits of having the charging stations differ (as much as possible while satisfying end-user requirements) battery charging for those hours when electrici...

The optimal profile of charging current for a lithium-ion battery is estimated using dynamic optimization implemented via control vector parameterization (CVP). An efficient reformulated model is used for simulating the system behavior of the Li-ion battery. Dynamic optimization is made possible due to the computationally inexpensive reformulated model. It is found that, if the battery is charg...

Battery charge efficiency across a range of input powers is an important performance parameter in variable charging systems. Here we use equivalent circuit theory to model the inherent trade-off between battery charging power and energy stored and compare our model to the existing Ragone model for discharge power and energy. An additional parameter is included to account for undercharge and und...

In this paper, an alternative battery charging control technique based on fuzzy logic for photovoltaic (PV) applications is presented. A PV module is connected to a buck type DC/DC power converter and a microcontroller based unit is used to control the lead acid battery charging voltage. The fuzzy control is used due to the simplicity of implementation, robustness and independence from the comp...

The Z-source inverter (ZSI) with battery operation can balance the stochastic fluctuations of photovoltaic (PV) power injected to the grid/load, but the existing topology has a power limitation due to the wide range of discontinuous conduction mode during battery discharge. This paper proposes a new topology of the energy stored ZSI to overcome this disadvantage. Two strategies are proposed wit...

The kinetic battery model is a popular model of the dynamic behavior of a conventional battery, useful to predict or optimize the time until battery depletion. The model however lacks certain obvious aspects of batteries in-the-wild, especially with respect to (i) the effects of random influences and (ii) the behavior when charging up to capacity bounds. This paper considers the kinetic battery...

Whitepaper The technology for solar photovoltaic battery charge controllers has advanced dramatically over the past 5 years (1995-2000). The most exciting new technology, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) charging, has become very popular. Some Frequently Asked Questions about PWM battery charging are addressed here.

Recharging decisions for electric vehicles require many special considerations due to battery dynamics. Battery longevity is prolonged by recharging less frequently and at slower rates, and also by not charging the battery too close to its maximum capacity. In this paper, we address the problem of finding an optimal recharging policy for an electric vehicle along a given path. The path consists...