INTRODUCTION The incidence of brain metastasis due to breast cancer is increasing, and prognosis is poor. Treatment is challenging because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits efficacy of systemic therapies. In this work, we develop a clinically relevant whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plan to investigate the impact of radiation on brain metastasis development and BBB permeability in a murine m...

UNLABELLED In vitro transendothelial permeability was compared to in vivo rat single-pass cerebral extractions to evaluate which method would best estimate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of several SPECT imaging agents. METHOD Six 99mTc complexes and seven non-Tc complexes were tested in vitro using monolayers of primary bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells and in vivo using...

Cerebrovascular homeostasis is maintained by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which forms a mechanical and functional barrier between systemic circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). In patients with ischemic stroke, the recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is used to accelerate recanalization of the occluded vessels. However, rt-PA is associated with a risk of increasi...

PURPOSE To determine if applying an arrival time correction (ATC) to dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) based permeability imaging will improve its ability to identify contrast leakage in stroke patients for whom the shape of the measured curve may be very different due to hypoperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A technique described in brain tumor patients was adapted to incorporate a correc...

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) develops within a few hours after arrival at high altitude and includes headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and malaise. This afflicts 15-25% of the general tourist population at moderate altitudes. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is considered to be the end stage of severe AMS and has been suggested to be a vasogenic edema, raising the possibility that acute...

Good in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models that mimic the in vivo BBB phenotype are essential for studies on BBB functionality and for initial screening in drug discovery programmes, as many potential therapeutic drug candidates have poor BBB permeation. Difficulties associated with the availability of human brain tissue, coupled with the time and cost associated with using animals for this...

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability is an essential phenomena when considering the treatment of neurological disorders as well in case central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects caused by peripherally acting drugs. The presented work contains statistical analyses and correlation assessment analyzed group active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with their BBB-permeability data collected fr...

Background: It is well established that TH17 lymphocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of the chronic autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the importance of IL-17 in MS is still under debate, and other TH17-associated cytokines are likely more crucial in the initiation and maintenance of neuroinflammation. Objectives: In this study, we addressed the function of IL-26 and its r...

The role of heme oxygenase (HO) in closed head injury (CHI) was examined using a potent HO and guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin (Zn-PP) in the rat. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to Evans blue and radioiodine, edema formation, and plasma and brain levels of serotonin were measured in control, CHI, and Zn-PP-treated CHI rats. CHI was produced by an impact of 0.224 N on the...

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is often regarded as a passive barrier that protects brain parenchyma from toxic substances, circulating leukocytes, while allowing the passage of selected molecules. Recently, a combination of molecular profiling techniques have characterized the constituents of the BBB based on in vitro models using isolated endothelial cells and ex vivo models analyzing isolated...