This paper is about discrete sensitivity analysis. A triangular bending element with constant moment and six degrees of freedom is used. The required derivatives for sensitivity analysis are calculated explicitly. These formulations, finite element method and sequential linear programming are utilized to find shape optimization of plate bending structures. The numerical examples, which show the...

In recent decades, one of the challenges in sheet metal forming was production of two-step bending surfaces without mechanical tools and external force or by a combination of heat source and mechanical tools. Forming with a heat source such as laser beam has the potential for forming arbitrary 3D shapes such as two-step bending surfaces. In this paper a novel method for laser forming of complic...

Thin-walled tube bending is still to be considered a new and advanced technique. The process has been adopted into several industries such as aero and automotive. This process may produce a wrinkling, bulking and tearing phenomenon if the process parameters are inappropriate, especially for tubes with large diameter and thin wall thickness. Push bending process is one of the methods used for be...

the joints between segmental rings can withstand a certain amount of bending moment as well as axial and shear forces. generally, in the structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining, the joints can be modeled as elastic hinges or rotational springs, and their rigidity should be demonstrated in terms of the rigidity of the joints or their rotational stiffness. therefore, the bending moment act...

prior to the design and construction of any fruit harvesting machine it is essential to know the physical and mechanical properties of the trees and of its fruits. an example could be cited as the force needed to overcome. the strength with which the fruit is attached to the stem, in trunk shaker harvesting. in this research the acting forces on the fruit during harvest, including tensile stren...

This paper is about discrete sensitivity analysis. A triangular bending element with constant moment and six degrees of freedom is used. The required derivatives for sensitivity analysis are calculated explicitly. These formulations, finite element method and sequential linear programming are utilized to find shape optimization of plate bending structures. The numerical examples, which show the...

An electrostatically driven micromirror is described. The vertical comb of a three-dimensional microstructure is realized by bending the device wafer having microstructures. By resetting the bending angle, the tuning of the vertical gap between moving and stationary combs is possible. The characteristics of the vertical comb drive actuator can be tuned, confirming the performance. key words: mi...

Recent developments in the study of the laser bending process are reviewed and presented to obtain new perspectives along the lines of dimensional characteristics and mechanical properties of the formed parts. Both numerical and experimental results are described and compared. The dimensional characteristics examined include bending angle variation and bending edge curving. The mechanical prope...