The complete stress field, including the microstress, the moment-stress, and the line forces are derived for the pure bending of a rigid-plastic beam of rectangular cross-section in the model of strain-gradient plasticity. The workless spherical parts of the microstress and the moment-stress tensors are incorporated in the analysis. Their determination is shown to be of importance for the fulfi...

ao"length of opening dh, dl"distance from top of steel section to centroid of concrete force at high and low moment ends of the opening, respectively dr"distance from outside edge of flange to centroid of reinforcement *b"maximum bending deflection for unperforated beam *m,b"maximum bending deflection for a member with an opening Fy"yield stress of steel FM y"reduced axial strength of steel in ...

The problem of estimating the bending stress distribution in the neighborhood of a crack located on a single line in an orthotropic elastic plate of constant thickness subjected to bending moment or twisting moment is examined. Using classical plate theory and integral transform techniques, the general formulae for the bending moment and twisting moment in an elastic plate containing cracks loc...

In this paper, the plastic limit load of cylindrical shells with opening subject to combined bending moment and axial force are found by finite element method using ANSYS suite of program. The effect of various parameters such as the geometrical ratios of shell and the shape, size, axial and angular position of the opening on the limit load of cylindrical shells under various loading conditions...

The joints between segmental rings can withstand a certain amount of bending moment as well as axial and shear forces. Generally, in the structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining, the joints can be modeled as elastic hinges or rotational springs, and their rigidity should be demonstrated in terms of the rigidity of the joints or their rotational stiffness. Therefore, the bending moment act...

This paper is about discrete sensitivity analysis. A triangular bending element with constant moment and six degrees of freedom is used. The required derivatives for sensitivity analysis are calculated explicitly. These formulations, finite element method and sequential linear programming are utilized to find shape optimization of plate bending structures. The numerical examples, which show the...

This paper is about discrete sensitivity analysis. A triangular bending element with constant moment and six degrees of freedom is used. The required derivatives for sensitivity analysis are calculated explicitly. These formulations, finite element method and sequential linear programming are utilized to find shape optimization of plate bending structures. The numerical examples, which show the...

The choice of the process parameters in the conventional tube bending forming is often based on experience and adjusted by repeated bending tests. The method of constantly testing to adjust has seriously affected the production efficiency and increased production costs. In this paper, neural network is used to establish the intelligent prediction model of the pipe forming process parameters. Th...

where M is the bending moment, F is the force applied, and D is the distance from the point of force application to the axis of rotation (moment arm length). This is perhaps best depicted in Figure 11.1. Using this equation, one can determine the bending moment applied in any given clinical circumstance. The bending moment has substantial clinical significance. The application of a bending mome...

prior to the design and construction of any fruit harvesting machine it is essential to know the physical and mechanical properties of the trees and of its fruits. an example could be cited as the force needed to overcome. the strength with which the fruit is attached to the stem, in trunk shaker harvesting. in this research the acting forces on the fruit during harvest, including tensile stren...