The resistance gene for beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins from Enterobacter cloacae was transferred to Escherichia coli by the aid of RP4::mini-Mu. The R-prime plasmids generated carried 60 to 80 kilobases (kb) of E. cloacae DNA and coded for the chromosomal E. cloacae beta-lactamase. The gene was fully expressed in the recipient. Restriction endonuclease EcoRI fragments of the R-prime plasm...

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) regulates the growth, differentiation, or function of nearly all cell types. We now report that TGF-beta 1 increases steady-state levels of its own message in six different normal and transformed cells in culture. Accumulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA can be detected by Northern blot analysis within 3 h of addition of the peptide to cells, and enhanced m...

Antithrombin is shown to undergo a slow spontaneous conversion to its inactive latent conformation with readily discernible amounts present in plasma on incubation at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. More rapid conversion occurs on incubation of isolated antithrombin at 41 degrees C or 50 degrees C, but the appearance on electrophoresis of free latent antithrombin is preceded by the formation, in rec...

To date, only a limited number of studies have reported finding an influence of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication. However, the effects of other nutrients on HCV RNA replication remain largely unknown. We recently developed a reporter assay system for genome-length HCV RNA replication in hepatoma-derived HuH-7 cells (OR6). Here, using this OR6 assay system, we compre...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects approximately one percent of the world population. Anti-epileptic drugs are ineffective in 25~30% of cases. Electrical stimulation to control seizures may be an additive therapy. We applied noninvasive transcutaneous focal electrical stimulation (TFES) via concentric ring electrodes on the scalp of rats after inducing seizures with pentylenetetra...

The debate on the properties and use of additive and multiplicative partitioning of species diversity exemplified in this forum reflects the broader challenge of quantifying and interpreting alpha, beta, and gamma diversity at multiple scales of sampling. As noted by Wilsey and Ricotta in their contributions, ecologists use a wide range of measures of beta diversity, partly because of differenc...