Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is an important human nutrient obtained from a variety of foods and also can be synthesized from choline. Betaine is much more abundant in kidney and liver compared to other mammalian organs. The principal role of betaine in the kidney is osmoprotection in cells of the medulla and it enters these cells via the betaine/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport...

Betaine hydrochloride (BHC), as an ionic salt was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of 4-thiazolidinediones. The methodology of study was achieved by one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amine and mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of betaine hydrochloride (BHC) at reflux temperature in ethanol as solvent. The efficiency of Betaine hydro...

BACKGROUND Betaine is a major osmolyte, also important in methyl group metabolism. Concentrations of betaine, its metabolite dimethylglycine and analog trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in blood are cardiovascular risk markers. Diabetes disturbs betaine: does diabetes alter associations between betaine-related measures and cardiovascular risk? METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 475 subjec...

The role of choline in osmoprotection in the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata has been examined. Transport and conversion of choline to betaine began immediately after addition of choline to the growth medium. Intracellular accumulation of betaine synthesized from choline was salt dependent up to 2.5 M NaCl. Oxidation of choline was enhanced at 2.0 M NaCl in the presence or absence of exte...

background: betaine has been shown to be antioxidantand methyl donor effects in our recent studies. objectives: inthe present study, the antioxidant and methyl donor properties ofbetaine in levodopa/benserazide-mediated hyperhomocysteinemiaand levodopa-induced oxidative stress in rat's kidney wereexamined. methods: sprague-dawley male rats were dividedinto levodopa (ld), betaine (bet.), levodop...

Rosa canina L. extracts were prepared using water or three natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs: betaine+malic acid, betaine+sucrose, and citric acid+sucrose with 50% of water) maceration. The characterized in terms total polyphenol content (TPC), ABTS radical scavenging potential, extraction yield, zeta conductivity, pH, density, surface tension, viscosity. TPC was the highest acid extract (...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of betaine supplementation of finishing diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of swine. Experiment 1 included 288 pigs in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of barrows and gilts of two genetic populations fed diets with 1.25 g/kg supplemental betaine from either 83 or 104 kg to 116 kg and control pig...

In conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. Studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. This present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine ...

Betaine is reported to regulate hepatic cholesterol metabolism in mammals. Chicken eggs contain considerable amount of betaine, yet it remains unknown whether and how betaine in the egg affects hepatic cholesterol metabolism in chicks. In this study, eggs were injected with betaine at 2.5 mg/egg and the hepatic cholesterol metabolism was investigated in newly hatched chicks. Betaine did not aff...