Global warming has been commonly accepted to facilitate species' range shifts across latitudes. Cross-latitudinal transplantations support this; many tree species can well adapt to new geographical areas. However, these studies fail to capture species' adaptations to new light environment because the experiments were not designed to explicitly separate species' responses to light and temperatur...

The ongoing shifts in natural vegetation zones predict the expansion of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) into Eastern Baltic region, suggesting it will become a potential alternative to birch (Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) forest regeneration. For successful application regeneration material, an evaluation susceptibility disturbances (e.g., wind) is necessary for reliable ...