today, transportation of hazardous materials (i.e., hazmat) is a very important issue for researchersdue to the risk of this transit, which should be considered for development of industries and transportation.therefore, a model that is useful should consider the risk and damage to humanitarianand environmental issues due to transit of hazmat materials. by considering the related cost, thereali...

When troubleshooting malfunctioning technical equipment, the task is to locate faults and make repairs until the equipment functions properly again. The AO* algorithm can be used to find troubleshooting strategies that are optimal in the sense that the expected cost of repair is minimal. We have adapted the AO* algorithm for troubleshooting in the automotive domain with limited time. We propose...

We present the findings of an extensive case study for the decomposed, simulation-based, optimal design of an advanced technology heavy truck by means of analytical target cascading. The use of a series hybrid-electric propulsion system, in-hub motors, and variable height suspensions is considered with the intention of improving both commercial and military design attributes according to a dual...

The demand for alternate fuels used in the operation of I.C engine is met with CNSL (Cashew nut shell liquid) a by-product of cashew industry which is considered as an economically suitable for producing biodiesel. Cashew nut shell liquid is obtained from the hard cashew nut shell, cardinal a natural phenol obtained from the pyrolysis of CNSL at reduced pressure. The viscosity of the cardinal i...

This paper aims at investigating the heterogeneous characteristics among truck drivers in route choice preferences. A latent class model incorporating membership functions is employed to examine differences between segments of drivers. A stated choice experiment designed for identifying route choice behavior of truck drivers provides the data for model estimation. The effects of road pricing an...

1 2 The fast food supply chain is facing increased operating costs due to rising food and energy prices. 3 Based on a case study of a major fast food logistics operator, this paper uses a metaheuristic 4 evolutionary algorithm to find the optimal combination of low carbon vehicle, powertrain and 5 transport refrigeration technologies that minimise net present costs for a heterogeneous fleet of ...

The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics, volumes and treatability of Full-service carwash wastewaters in Toluca (Mexico State). The average water use for Exterior-only wash was 50 L per small-size car and 170 L per medium-size vehicle (pick up, van or light truck). The Full-service wash (exterior, engine and chassis) required 170 L per small-size car and 300 L per light tr...

Tetrahexahedral Pd nanocrystals (THH Pd NCs) were prepared on a glassy carbon electrode using a programmed square-wave potential electrodeposition method, and modified by Bi adatoms with a range of coverages via the cyclic voltammetry method. The reactivity of the catalysts prepared towards ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR) was studied in alkaline medium at various temperatures and under ...

Abstract This paper proposes a learning reference governor (LRG) approach to enforce state and control constraints in systems for which an accurate model is unavailable. enables the gradually improve command tracking performance through while enforcing during after completed. The can be performed either on black-box type of system or directly hardware. After introducing LRG algorithm outlining ...