We investigate why discretization is effective in naive-Bayes learning. We prove a theorem that identifies particular conditions under which discretization will result in naiveBayes classifiers delivering the same probability estimates as would be obtained if the correct probability density functions were employed. We discuss the factors that might affect naive-Bayes classification error under ...

Consonants have been proposed to carry more of the weight of lexical processing than vowels. This consonant bias has consistently been found in adults and has been proposed to facilitate early language acquisition. We explore the origins of this bias over the course of development and in infants learning different languages. Although the consonant bias was originally thought to be present at bi...

Using a sample of 22,389 US firm-year observations over the period from 1991 to 2012, we find that high CSR firms pay more dividends than low CSR firms. This is consistent with our expectation that socially responsible firms may use the dividend policy to manage the agency problems related to overinvestment in CSR. The analysis of individual components of CSR provides strong support for this ma...

In this paper, we develop and estimate models of the determinants of firms’ demand for directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. We add to and validate the existing empirical literature by testing hypotheses regarding the relationship between D&O insurance purchase and firm size, governance characteristics and business risk. Our data set allows us to test both purchase decisions and limits ...

Objective: Previous research has shown that attentional bias towards game-related stimuli is a significant factor in the etiology, maintenance and severity of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). Therefore, interventions targeting attentional bias towards game-related stimuli, can potentially ameliorate this disorder. The aim of the present research was to examine the effectiveness of online Attenti...

the one photon absorption (opa) cross section of a current carrying two-orbital quantum dot (qd) with strong electron-phonon interaction (polaron regime) is considered. using the self-consistent non-equilibrium hartree-fock (hf) approximation, we determine the dependence of opa cross section on the applied bias voltage, the strength of effective electron-electron interaction, and level spacing ...

For creating or adjusting credit scoring rules, usually only the accepted applicant’s data and default information are available. The missing information for the rejected applicants and the sorting mechanism of the preceding scoring can lead to a sample selection bias. In other words, mostly inferior classification results are achieved if these new rules are applied to the whole population of a...

We conduct an experiment to determine the effect of ambiguity on status quo bias. We find no evidence of the bias in the absence of ambiguity and when ambiguity is present both in the status quo option and the alternative. We do find evidence for status quo bias under asymmetric presence of ambiguity, i.e. when the status quo option is non-ambiguous and the alternative is, or when the status qu...

Bootstrap methods in curve estimation have been introduced for smoothing parameter selection and for construction of conndence intervals. Most of the papers on conndence intervals use explicit bias estimation or the technique of \undersmoothing" to deal with bias. Coverage accuracy has only been considered for curve estimates with constant variance function. In this paper we show that explicit ...

We introduce and axiomatically characterize a model of status quo bias in which the status quo affects choices by both changing preferences and focusing attention. The resulting Limited Attention Status Quo Bias model can explain both the finding that status quo bias is more prevalent in larger choice sets and that the introduction of a status quo can change choices between non-status quo alter...