Performance standards for detector systems often include requirements for probability of detection and probability of false alarm at a specified level of statistical confidence. This paper reviews the accepted definitions of confidence level and of critical value. It describes the testing requirements for establishing either of these probabilities at a desired confidence level. These requiremen...

BACKGROUND Personal statements and referees' reports are widely used on medical school application forms, particularly in the UK, to assess the suitability of candidates for a career in medicine. However there are few studies which assess the validity of such information for predicting unhappiness or dissatisfaction with a career in medicine. Here we combine data from a long-term prospective st...

A Bayesian geostatistical model was developed to predict the intensity of infection with Schistosoma mansoni in East Africa. Epidemiological data from purpose-designed and standardized surveys were available for 31,458 schoolchildren (90% aged between 6 and 16 years) from 459 locations across the region and used in combination with remote sensing environmental data to identify factors associate...

This paper studies stochastic orderings for folded beta distributions. A necessary and sufficient condition for one folded beta random variable to be larger than another in likelihood ratio order is obtained. The work is motivated by the recent results of Porzio and Ragozini on stochastic orderings for folded binomial distributions. Beta distributions are commonly used to model proportions or p...

Single-case design with the randomization test (RT) has been proposed as an alternative to the binomial distribution (BD) tables of Thornton and Raffin (1978) to assess changes in speech recognition performance in individual subjects. The present study investigated whether data analyzed using both approaches would result in similar outcomes. Sixty-two adults with normal hearing were evaluated u...

We consider the q-deformed binomial distribution introduced by Jing 1994 and Chung et al. 1995 and establish several convergence results involving the Euler and the exponential distribution; some of them are qanalogues of classical results.

A simple argument based on the distribution of individuals amongst discrete resource sites is used to show how the form of single species population models depends on the type of competition between, and the spatial clustering of, the individuals. For scramble competition between individuals, we confirm earlier demonstrations that the Ricker model is a direct consequence of a uniform random dis...

In this comment we argue that the experimental evidence provided by Cummings et al. is not inconsistent with hypothetical referenda being an incentive compatible mechanism for eliciting economic values. Differences in response proportions between hypothetical and real referenda can be expected if the underlying distributions have equal means but differ in scale. Once rescaled, Cummings et al.’s...

It is well known that Poisson binomial distribution can be approximated by Poisson distribution. In this paper, we give a nonuniform bound of this approximation by using Stein-Chen method.

Two models, derived from the equations of Michaelis-Menten and Hill, were adapted to olfaction. Their ability to model human olfactory stimulus-response relationships was compared with that of the classical laws of Fechner and Stevens. First, these four models were systematically compared on data available in the literature concerning 20 pure odorous compounds. At the lower concentrations of th...