When conducting a meta-analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes, a normal approximation for the summary treatment effect measure in each trial is inappropriate in the common situation where some of the trials in the meta-analysis are small, or the observed risks are close to 0 or 1. This problem can be avoided by making direct use of the binomial distribution within trials. A fully Baye...

Social factors involved in the control of impulsiveness were examined in domestic chicks. In binary choices between a large/long-delay option (LL) and a small/short-delay alternative (SS), chicks that had been competitively trained in groups of three individuals showed fewer choices of LL than did those trained in isolation (experiment 1), suggesting that competition causes impulsive choice. In...

The optimal constant over square root of n error bound in the central limit theorem for distribution functions of sums of independent symmetric Bernoulli random variables is 1/ √ 2πn.

We report the first measurements of the moments--mean (M), variance (σ(2)), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ)--of the net-charge multiplicity distributions at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at seven energies, ranging from sqrt[sNN]=7.7 to 200 GeV, as a part of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. The moments are related to the thermodynamic susceptibilities of net charge, and are sensitive to th...

The motivation for the work in this article is the setting in which a number of treatments are available for evaluation in phase II clinical trials and where it may be infeasible to try them concurrently because the intended population is small. This paper introduces an extension of previous work on decision-theoretic designs for a series of phase II trials. The program encompasses a series of ...

Multiple regression quadratic assignment procedures (MRQAP) tests are permutation tests for multiple linear regression model coefficients for data organized in square matrices of relatedness among n objects. Such a data structure is typical in social network studies, where variables indicate some type of relation between a given set of actors. We present a new permutation method (called "double...

We study density-dependent resource harvest patterns due to Bayesian foraging for different distributions of resources. We first consider a forager with information about the stochastic properties of its environment. In this case we show that when the number of food items per patch follows a distribution from the exponential family, the density dependence is given by the ratio sigma2/μ of th...

We give a detailed sketch of how the exponential, Poisson, gamma, beta, normal, χ, t, and F distributions arise in “natural” ways. Our only prerequisite distributions will be the binomial distribution and the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. The details of the (more than) healthy dose of multivariable calculus along the way may certainly be slurred over by those looking for a sense of how the di...

Substantial variation was found among single-spore cultures established from a single population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Scutellospora pellucida. A common environment experiment demonstrated that five single-spore cultures differed in their average spore shape (as measured by length:width ratios) and size (volume) with interisolate heritabilities of offspring mean values of 0.96 an...