BACKGROUND Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles have been used to increase the relative oral bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds and polyphenols in recent years, but the effects of the molecular weight of PLGA on bioavailability are still unknown. This study investigated the influence of polymer molecular weight on the relative oral bioavailability of curcumin, and explored the...

Iron deficiency remains a global health issue, and antinutritional factors, such as tannins, are often cited as contributors to the high prevalence of deficiency. Despite this, tannin-rich diets may have potential beneficial cardiovascular and cancer-fighting properties because of the antioxidant activity of tannins. Furthermore, epidemiologic studies and long-term trials involving participants...

Published studies in which rats were exposed to CdCl2 in standard chow or drinking water were analyzed to compare the relative bioavailability of cadmium from the two media. Relative bioavailability was assessed from estimates of the rate of accumulation of cadmium in kidney cortex or liver. Data were grouped into tiers based on study design and reporting of data: Tier 1, identical experimental...

It is accepted that the low bioavailability of orally administered saquinavir –SQV– (about 4% for the hard gelatin capsule or tablets –HGCT–, and about 12% for the soft gelatin capsule –SGC– when it is taken with food), is due to an incomplete intestinal absorption and to an extensive first-pass metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut and liver. As well, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ...

Several studies have shown limited absorption of arsenic from soils. This has led to increased interest in including measurements of arsenic relative bioavailability from soils in the calculation of risks to human health posed by arsenic-contaminated sites. Most of the information in the literature regarding arsenic bioavailability from soils comes from studies of mining and smelter sites in th...

RATIONALE As the sole nitrogen donor in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and key intermediate in the urea cycle, arginine and its metabolic pathways are integrally linked to cellular respiration, metabolism, and inflammation. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that arginine (Arg) bioavailability would be associated with airflow abnormalities and inflammation in subjects with asthma, and would be informati...

Cyclosporin A (CsA) exhibits poor bioavailability after oral administration of Sandimmune, with wide intra- and interindividual variations. Our study sought to determine the effect of the coadministration of CsA standard oily formulation and tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC) and that of an aqueous micellar solution containing TUDC, monoolein, and CsA in promoting and regulating CsA bioavailability i...

A mathematical model of solute transient diffusion across the cornea to the anterior chamber of the eye was developed for topical drug delivery. Solute bioavailability was predicted given solute molecular radius and octanol-to-water distribution coefficient (Phi), ocular membrane ultrastructural parameters, tear fluid hydrodynamics, as well as solute distribution volume (Vd) and clearance rate ...