avian infectious bronchitis (ib) is a major cause of economic losses in poultry industry. the ib virus primarily affects respiratory tract, but various strains differ in their tropism for other target organs such as kidney and alimentary tract. the objective of this study was to estimate the pathogenicity of iranian ibv variant (ir-1), which is limited exclusively to iran. specific pathogen fre...

background: paraquat is nonselective bipyridyl herbicide that induces hepatotoxicity through oxidative stress. vitamin c and chitosan have antioxidant as well as radical scavenger properties and show protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ros). in the present study, hepatoprotective effects of chitosan and vitamin c were evaluated in common carp exposed to paraquat. methods: while ...

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and chemometrics model was used for determination of physicochemical properties (pH, redox potential, free acidity, electrical conductivity, moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), ash, and HMF) in honey samples. The reference values of 189 honey samples of different botanical origin were determined using Association Official An...

Various lines of critique quantitative psychology, well-established and new, are used to trace along the field's typical steps research a complex network misconceptions fallacies codified in psychological jargon. The article explores what constructs actually are, why they needed challenges construct research, crucial role language. It shows how common language concepts mislead psychologists con...

Three methodologies for correcting the radar reflectivity factor (ZH) in the presence of partial beam blockage are implemented, compared, and evaluated using a polarimetric radar dataset from the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) in northwestern Mexico. One methodology uses simulated interactions between radar beams and digital terrain maps, while the other two invoke the self-consistenc...

A measurement system begins with sensing stages that couple to relevant measurands of the system under study. The power level of the information-bearing signals formed by the sensors is often very low and may be swamped by the unwanted noise signals that are present. Careful attention to sensor and circuit design and assembly, plus use of certain signal processing methods, makes it possible to ...

Particle tracking analysis (PTA) is an emerging technique suitable for size analysis of particles with external dimensions in the nano- and sub-micrometre scale range. Only limited attempts have so far been made to investigate and quantify the performance of the PTA method for particle size analysis. This article presents the results of a validation study during which selected colloidal silica ...

Changes in the skin that occur in the elderly may put them at increased risk for altered percutaneous penetration from pharmacotherapy along with potential adverse effects. Skin factors that may have a role in age-related percutaneous penetration include blood flow, pH, skin thickness, hair and pore density, and the content and structure of proteins, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), water, and lipids...

The number of molecules involved in a cell or subcellular structure is sometimes rather small. In this situation, ordinary macroscopic-level fluctuations can be overwhelmed by non-negligible large fluctuations, which results in drastic changes in chemical-reaction dynamics and statistics compared to those observed under a macroscopic system (i.e., with a large number of molecules). In order to ...

This paper studies aspects of the dynamics of a conventional mechanism of ligand-receptor interactions, with a focus on the stability and location of steady-states. A theoretical framework is developed, which is based upon the rich and deep formalism of irreducible biochemical networks. When represented in this manner, the mass action kinetics of biochemical processes can be clearly seen in ter...