Microbial biofilms contribute to virulence and resistance to antibiotics by shielding microbial cells from host defenses and antimicrobial drugs, respectively. Cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated to form biofilms in polystyrene microtiter plates. The numbers of CFU of disaggregated biofilms, 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide reducti...

Candida grows on devices producing treatment resistant biofilms. A key tool for the study of biofilms includes an accurate assessment of viable cell growth. This study systematically tested seven techniques, among which the XTT assay provided the most reproducible, accurate, and efficient method for the quantitative estimation of C. albicans biofilms.

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms cause chronic infections due to their ability to form biofilms. The excretions/secretions of Lucilia sericata larvae (maggots) have effective activity for debridement and disruption of bacterial biofilms. In this paper, we demonstrate how chymotrypsin derived from maggot excretions/secretions disrupts protein-dependent bacterial biof...

conclusions the high rate of mdrpa and its ability to produce biofilm is an alarm for public health. the statistical analysis showed that biofilm production in the mdrpa isolates was significantly higher than that in the non–mdrpa isolates (p < 0.001). background pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a variety of virulence factors and infections caused by multidrug-resistant p. aeruginosa (mdrpa) in...

objectives we investigated the potential relationships between biofilm formation and prevalence of virulence genes (asa1, esp, cyla, and gele/spre), and antimicrobial resistance genes (aac (6’)/aph (2”) in enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. patients and methods in this survey 95 e. faecalis isolates from patients with urinary tract infections staying at s...

Gene expression in biofilms is dependent on bacterial responses to the local environmental conditions. Most techniques for studying bacterial gene expression in biofilms characterize average values across the entire population. Here, we describe the use of laser capture microdissection microscopy (LCMM) combined with multiplex quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) to isolat...

Homeostasis of oral microbiota can be maintained through microbial interactions. Previous studies showed that Streptococcus oligofermentans, a non-mutans streptococci frequently isolated from caries-free subjects, inhibited the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by the production of hydrogen peroxide (HP). Since pH is a critical factor in caries formation, we aimed to study the influence of pH on ...

Biofilm formation by food-related bacteria and food-related pathogenesis are significant problems in the food industry. Even though much disinfection and mechanical procedure exist for removal of biofilms, they may fail to eliminate pre-established biofilms. cis-2 decenoic acid (CDA), an unsaturated fatty acid messenger produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is reportedly capable of inducing the d...

BACKGROUND Pseudomonas fluorescens is an important food spoilage organism, usually found in the form of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are inherently resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents, therefore alternative methods to biofilm control, such as bacteriophages (phages) have been suggested. Phage behavior on biofilms is still poorly investigated and needs further understanding. Here we d...

BACKGROUND The majority of microbial infections in humans are biofilm-associated and difficult to treat, as biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and protect themselves from external threats in various ways. Biofilms are tenaciously attached to surfaces and impede the ability of host defense molecules and cells to penetrate them. On the other hand, some biofilms are beneficial f...