BACKGROUND Biomarkers are playing increasingly important roles in the detection and management of patients with cancer. Despite an enormous number of publications on cancer biomarkers, few of these biomarkers are in widespread clinical use. CONTENT In this review, we discuss the key steps in advancing a newly discovered cancer candidate biomarker from pilot studies to clinical application. Fo...

malondialdehyde (mda) is widely used as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress in biomedical fields. lipid peroxidation is a chain phenomenon resulting in the formation of various active compounds that result in cellular damage. biomonitoring of mda has been used in both in-vivo and in-vitro studies as a key biomarker for various disease patterns including hypertension, diabetes, atheroscle...

Proteomics enables understanding the composition, structure, function and interactions of the entire protein complement of a cell, a tissue, or an organism under exactly defined conditions. Some factors such as stress or drug effects will change the protein pattern and cause the present or absence of a protein or gradual variation in abundances. Changes in the proteome provide a snapshot of the...

background: two questions about diagnostic value of urinary neutrophil gelatin associated lipocalin (ungal) in detection of acute kidney injury (aki) in children have remained unanswered; first, which cut-off point of ungal has the highest value in detection of aki; and second when is the best time for measuring this biomarker in a patient? accordingly, the present study aimed to conduct a syst...

in this paper, we propose and investigate distribution of intravascular and extravascular extracellular volume fractions (dieef) as a noninvasive biomarker for neovascularization assessment by dynamic contrast‑enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (dce‑mri). a generalized two‑compartment exchange model (g2cxm) that uniformly includes the patlak model, tofts model, extended tofts model, and recent...

pathological changes within an organ can be reflected as proteomic patterns in biological fluids such as plasma, serum, and urine. the surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (seldi-tof ms) has been used to generate proteomic profiles from biological fluids. mass spectrometry yields redundant noisy data that the most data points are irrelevant features ...

We wished to investigate the ability of different SNP chipsets to detect association with a disease and to investigate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) relationships between microsatellites and nearby SNPs in order to assess their potential usefulness to detect association. SNP genotypes were obtained from HapMap and microsatellite genotypes from CEPH. 5000 SNPs were simulated as disease genes w...

We developed a marker based infinitesimal model for quantitative trait analysis. In contrast to the classical infinitesimal model, we now have new information about the segregation of every individual locus of the entire genome. Under this new model, we propose that the genetic effect of an individual locus is a function of the genome location (a continuous quantity). The overall genetic value ...

A workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the US Food and Drug Administration addressed past lessons learned and ongoing challenges faced in biomarker development and drug and biomarker codevelopment. Participants agreed that critical decision points in the product life cycle depend on the level of understanding of the biology of the target and its interaction with the drug, the...

In tropical mangroves, brachyuran crabs have been observed to consume high percentages of leaf litter production. However, questions concerning their ability to assimilate this low-quality food remain, as stable isotope analysis of C and N does not seem to support assimilation. Individuals of the common eastern Australian mangrove grapsid Parasesarma erythodactyla feeding on a mangrove leaf lit...