The secondary signals emanating from increased glucose metabolism, which lead to specific increases in proinsulin biosynthesis translation, remain elusive. It is known that signals for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and proinsulin biosynthesis diverge downstream of glycolysis. Consequently, the mitochondrial products ATP, Krebs cycle intermediates, glutamate, and acetoacetate were investi...

this syndrome is a genetical disorder with symptoms result from deficit in the formation of connective tissue, especially collagen fiber biosynthesis. in these patients, there is hyperelasticity and fragility of the skin and mucosa. injuries sever bleeding, internal bleeding and hemartrosis may be seen in these patients. wounds leave scars after healing. there is recurrent dislocation of the jo...

besides being a metabolite of nucleotides like atp, adenosine is a mediator of neuronal function in the central nervous system. its actions are mediated by at least three extracellular receptors. in this review different aspects of adenosine such as biosynthesis, release, inactivation and its receptors are discussed. it also covers pre- and postsynaptic effects as well as postreceptor mechanism...

silver is composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms. silver nanoparticles have been a potent antibacterial, antifungal, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory agent. a simple, eco-friendly, inexpensive biosynthetic method was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles.  the present study aimed at the comparative study of silver nanopartic...

The pathway of molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis has been studied in detail by using proteins from Mycobacterium species, which contain several homologs associated with the first steps of Moco biosynthesis. While all Mycobacteria species contain a MoeZR, only some strains have acquired an additional homolog, MoeBR, by horizontal gene transfer. The role of MoeBR and MoeZR was studied in detail fo...

The effects of the social environment and age on juvenile hormone (JH) and reproduction were investigated by measuring ovarian development, hemolymph levels of JH III, and rates of JH biosynthesis from the same individual bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). Differences in social environment were associated with differences in rates of JH biosynthesis, JH titer and ovarian development. Young queenl...

Objective(s):  Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (NGPs) is environmentally safer than chemical and physical procedures. This method requires no use of toxic solvents and synthesis of dangerous products and is environmentally safe. In this study, we report the biosynthesis of NGPs using Streptomyces djakartensis isolate B-5.   Materials and Methods: NGPs were biosynthesized by reducing aqueous ...

BACKGROUND The yeast Orm1/2 proteins regulate ceramide biosynthesis. RESULTS Depletion of the mammalian Orm1/2 homologues, ORMDL1-3, eliminates the negative feedback of exogenous ceramide on ceramide biosynthesis in HeLa cells. CONCLUSION ORMDL proteins are the primary regulators of ceramide biosynthesis in mammalian cells. SIGNIFICANCE Therapeutically manipulating levels of the pro-death...

Juvenile wood (JW) and mature (MW) have distinct physical chemical characters, resulting from formation at different development phases over tree lifespan. However, the regulatory mechanisms that distinguish or modulate characteristics of JW MW in relation to each other not been mapped. In this study, by employing Populus trees with an identical genetic background, we carried out RNA sequencing...