The environment is a very important component necessary for the existence of both man and other biotic organisms. The degree of sustainability of the physical environment is an index of the survival and well-being of the entire components in it. Additionally, it is not sufficient to try disposing toxic/deleterious substances with any known method. The best method of sustaining the environment i...

This paper presents preliminary results in our investigations of the biological (abiotic and biotic) and non-biological causes of the spatial heterogeneity and temporal change of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), both within and between Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Spatial analysis revealed that the land cover and precise seasonal patterns of climatic indices (temperature and normalized differe...

Lichens and mosses often share the same environmental conditions where they compete for substrate and other essential factors. Lichens use secondary metabolites as allelochemicals to repel surrounding plants and potential rivals. In mosses, endoreduplication leads to the occurrence of various ploidy levels in the same individual and has been suggested as an adaptation to abiotic stresses. Here,...

Methods Retrospective study was conducted at WH. This included a total of 1806 women who underwent to C-section from Jan 2008 to Dec 2009. The risk factor data were collected from I.C surveillance notification form of each patient’s SSI. The risk factors which were studied included: age, SSI bundles, type of C-section elective or emergency, duration of operation (less or more than 57 minutes), ...

Realistic assessments of the ecological status benthic habitats, as requested by European directives such Water Framework Directive and Marine Strategy Directive, require biotic indices capable detecting anthropogenic impact without having preliminary knowledge occurring pressures. In this context, a new general-purpose index (GPBI) based on deviation macrofauna community composition structure ...

To investigate the health of Diannong River water ecosystem, we collected and analyzed phytoplankton, zooplankton, microorganisms from in April, July, October 2021. We also physical chemical factors environment habitat quality. The reference points were determined by composite index quality score. Phytoplankton biotic integrity (P-IBI), Zooplankton (Z-IBI), microbial (M-IBI) which evaluated sta...

A long-term assessment of the benthic habitat quality intertidal flats in Liaohe Estuary was conducted by three integrating ecological indices, AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), Multivariate-AMBI (M-AMBI), and Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) based on macrobenthos data from 2013 to 2020. The results showed that macrobenthic communities were characterized indifferent sensitive species AMBI g...

Humanity’s migrations across, and subsequent modification of, the landscape have had innumerable effects on the many organisms in which we share this world. Mounting evidence suggests that the dual processes of humanmediated extirpation of native species and the introduction of nonnative species have resulted in significant changes in biological diversity at different spatial scales. Global spe...