Introduction There is no single test as a gold standard for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR). This study was to assess the usefulness and validity of nasal smear as a quick, easy and inexpensive diagnostic method for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Mehdi Bakhshaee. MD Assistant professor of otorhinolaryngology, Membership of ear, nose, throat, head and neck surgery and related sciences r...

Background In medical sciences, commitment to lifelong learning has been expressed as an important element. Today, due to the rapid development of medical information and technology, lifelong learning is critical for safe medical care and development in medical research. JeffSPLL is one of the scales for measuring lifelong learning among the staff of medical sciences that has never been used in...

Background and aims: Patient advocacy role in nursing is affected by several barriers, such as the lack of nurses’ ethical knowledge about their roles patient advocators. Since this can be learned, these barriers may overcome education through an effective method. The present study aimed to investigate effect ethics on using narration lecture compared a control group. Methods: This quasi-experi...

Abstract The complicated behavior of groundwater system in an arid aquifer is generally studied by solving the governing equations using either analytical or numerical methods. In this regard, methods are just for some aquifers with regular boundaries. Numerical used aim finite difference (FDM) and element (FEM) which engaged simple aquifers. Using them complex cases irregular boundaries has sh...