The measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as serum or plasma urea is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory tests for evaluating renal functions. Conventional analysis of reactions of urea with diacetyl monoxime or urease with the Berthelot reaction [1] is rapidly giving way to the totally enzymatic reactions that are more convenient to perform and more easily adapted to modern instru...

At the 3rd Annual Ruminant Nutrition Symposium (Hammond, 1992), I reviewed the use of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration for monitoring protein status in beef cattle, and discussed the potential for using milk urea nitrogen (MUN) as a noninvasive tool for monitoring protein status in dairy cattle. The purpose of this discussion is to review the basic concepts involved in urea nitrogen as a...

Urea rebound refers to an early postdialysis phenomenon in which urea returns to the systemic circulation, raising the blood level to a near plateau over a period of 0.5 to 1 hour [1]. The urea involved is believed to have come from either the intracellular compartment by means of diffusion resulting from the dialysis-induced concentration gradient [2,3], or tissues poorly perfused as a result ...

Urea kinetic modeling measures the delivered dose of hemodialysis and is used to monitor dialysis adequacy. Obtaining samples for adequacy calculations is a challenge for home hemodialysis (HHD) patients. Ideally, the urea reduction ratio (URR) should be measured at a typical dialysis session; therefore, for HHD patients test specimens should be drawn at home and transferred to a clinical labor...

We developed a new urea sensor for the on-line monitoring of hemodialysis adequacy. The biosensor consisted of an immobilized urease cartridge placed between magnetoinductive conductivity cells. The biosensor output was taken as the conductivity difference between these cells. The device was placed on the ultrafiltrate line of a paired filtration dialysis system. The amount of urease present in...

Fifty-eight crossbred yearling heifers (BW = 383 ± 25 kg) were utilized in a completely randomized 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments designed to evaluate the effects of finishing diets containing dried distiller's grains supplemented with degradable intake protein on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments contained 10 or 20% dried distiller's grains (DDG) re...

Previous research indicates that high blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations are associated with decreased fertility in lactating dairy cows.This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration (with or without eCG) on fertility of lactating dairy cows with different levels of BUN subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI).Ovulatio...

Abbreviations: HCG: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; Β-hCG: Β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; DVT: Deep Vein Thrombosis; TMP-SMX: Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole; EBV: Epstein Barr Virus; ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase, PT: Prothrombin Time; CBC: Complete Blood Cell; AFLP: Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy; DKA: Diabetic Ketoacidosis; GTD: Ge...

Abbreviations: OTA: Ochratoxin-A; hr: Hour; ppm: Parts-Per Million; b.wt.: Body Weight; RBC: Red Blood Cell; Hb: Hemoglobin; PCV: Packed Cell Volume; TLC: Total Leukocyte Count; DLC: Differential Leukocyte Count; MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume; MCH: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration; BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen; ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase; ALT: Alanine Trans...

chemistry analyzer, is intended to be used for the in vitro quantitative determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), calcium, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, total bilirubin, total carbon dioxide, total protein, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in heparinized whole blood, heparinized plasma, or serum in a...