OBJECTIVES To obtain valid estimates of the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality by using offspring BMI as an instrumental variable for own BMI. DESIGN Cohort study based on record linkage, with 50 years of follow-up for mortality. Associations of offspring BMI with all cause and cause specific maternal and paternal mortality were estimated as hazard ratios per standard dev...

background: nowadays obesity is considered as a worldwide issue. although genetics is one of the factors associated with obesity, but the predisposing factors are nutrition and environmental factors.  there are several studies conducted regarding the relationship between nutritional factors and general obesity and central adiposity. therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the relat...

background obesity is a medical problem in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. obesity is associated with many complications, so it is important to investigate the respective etiology. leptin is a protein synthesized in the fatty tissue and is effective in the control of obesity. survey of leptin in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) survivors could be helpful in controlling ob...