−We established a gene expression process to produce a flavor peptide in Pichia pastoris. The octapeptide Lys-Gly-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ala was isolated from beef digested by papain, known as “beefy meaty peptide” (BMP). It was considered a savory seasoning in previous literatures. To produce BMP by microorganisms, BMP expression structures encoding tandem repeats of the octapeptide were designed...

Introduction: Delivery of functionally active molecules to a variety of musculoskeletal tissues has been a major focus of investigation. However, use of biologically active proteins is hindered by high cost and difficulty with long term storage. Peptides are an attractive alternative to active proteins because of their relatively simple structure and greater stability. These traits reduce the c...

Bone tissue regeneration is accomplished by concerted regulation of protein-based extracellular matrix components, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and inductive growth factors. GAGs constitute a significant portion of the extracellular matrix and have a significant impact on regulating cellular behavior, either directly or through encapsulation and presentation of growth factors to the cells. In this...

RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) peptides have shown some promising abilities to promote the attachment of cells to biomaterials and to direct their differentiation. However, anchoring these peptides to the biomaterial’s surface is mandatory and usually implies several chemical linking steps. The aim of this work was to design and characterize a synthetic RGD biomimetic peptide that include...

background: bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp- 2) belongs to the tgf-β superfamily of proteins and plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. bmp- 2 is also associated with maintenance and repair of damaged bone. recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhbmp- 2) is now produced by genetic engineering techniques and used in treatment of thin bone fractures in the j...

BACKGROUND Oesophagitis is characterised by basal cell hyperplasia and activated eosinophils, which release mediators including major basic protein (MBP). MBP and its mimetic polyarginine activate the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) on oesophageal epithelium. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is implicated in epithelial homeostasis and proliferative response to injury, but has not been characte...

With the emerging role of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) for bone regeneration and delivery of therapeutic proteins, there is an increasing need for effective gene delivery systems to modify such cells. mTAT, a TAT peptide sequence bearing histidine and cysteine residues, has been successfully used for intracellular gene delivery. Using a gWiz-GFP plasmid, we dem...

Producing biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) is an effective approach to improve biocompatibility of medical devices. In this study, biomimetic ECM nanostructures are constructed through layer-by-layer self-assembling positively charged chitosan (Chi), negatively charged oxidized sodium alginate (OAlg), and positively charged bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoparticles. The BSA-based nano...

Previous studies have shown that mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)s are important regulators of osteoblast differentiation. Because regulation of osteoblastic differentiation is poorly understood, we sought to determine if BMP-4-induced differentiation of osteoblastic cells depends on the ...