Tree series transformations computed by bottom-up and top-down tree series transducers are called bottomup and top-down tree series transformations, respectively. (Functional) compositions of such transformations are investigated. It turns out that the class of bottom-up tree series transformations over a commutative and complete semiring is closed under left-composition with linear bottom-up t...

This paper introduces a method for algorithmic reduction of the search space of an ILP task, omitting the need for explicit language bias. It relies on bottom-up propositionalisation of examples and background knowledge. A proof of concept has been developed for observational learning of stratified normal logic programs.

This paper explores how standardization education can be implemented at the national level. Previous studies form the main source for the paper. This research shows that implementation of standardization in the national education system requires policy at the national level, a long term investment in support, and cooperation between industry, standardization bodies, academia, other institutions...

This tutorial paper summarizes the motivations, concepts and techniques of finite-set statistics (FISST), a systemlevel, “top-down,” direct generalization of ordinary single-sensor, single-target engineering statistics to the realm of multisensor, multitarget detection and tracking. Finite-set statistics provides powerful new conceptual and computational methods for dealing with multisensor-mul...

We describe an efficient parser for morphological analysis for a theory of X′-selection within the Strict Asymmetry framework. The bottom-up parser is based on a full LR(1) analyzer, modified to handle the processing of both overt and covert morphemes in a locally deterministic and efficient manner.

1.3 Stimulus generation process. Upper panel shows the face decomposed into five independent scales. Middle panel: bubbles sample the information space at random locations, allowing overlapping. Bottom panel shows how bubbles are applied to the appropriate scales to produce a sub-sample of the face List of Figures 6 3.2 Cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) of Beta-distribution is used as a...

A compositional theory of English intonational meaning is presented that is firmly grounded in (indeed, fully derived from) Gussenhoven’s [1] biological codes. The resulting theory is compared to the more top-down approaches to focus and contrastive topic in the literature, suggesting how such stipulated semantic/pragmatic notions as ‘alternative’ and ‘strategy’ can be grounded – and revealing ...

Choosing the scope of a plan is a fundamental question for plan makers. This question arises both in explaining plan making we observe and in justifying plan making we recommend. We frame this question from the perspective of potential participants, from the bottom up, rather than from the perspective of creating a planning process by expert judgment about scope, from the top down, such as an a...

The paper presents a conceptual framework and a coherent method for design in an organizational context within the PD tradition. The MUST method has been developed throughout 10 projects in Danish and American organizations, and it has recently been evaluated, and adopted by IT professionals within a large Danish organization. The method is based on thorough participation with users and manager...