Electronics obtained through the bottom-up approach of molecular-level control of material composition and structure may lead to devices and fabrication strategies not possible with top-down methods. This review presents a brief summary of bottom-up and hybrid bottom-up/top-down strategies for nanoelectronics with an emphasis on memories based on the crossbar motif. First, we will discuss repre...

Humans create internal models of an environment (i.e. cognitive maps) through subjective sensorimotor experiences and can also understand spatial locations by looking at external map as a symbol environment. We simulate the development from grounding in single deep neural network model. Our proposed has shared module that processes features multiple modalities vision, hearing, touch) even maps ...

background and aim: aging is accompanied with changes in cognitive capacities. in spite of advances in neural imaging technologies, there is not a straightforward method to observe cognitive functions. for assessing brain functions, researchers mainly use psychometric tests. the aim of this study was using consonant-vowel (cv) dichotic test as a non-invasive behavioral test for auditory attenti...

The Reading Wars show no signs of stopping. There appear to be two factions: Those who support the Skill-Building hypothesis and those who support the Comprehension Hypothesis. The former claim that literacy is developed from the bottom up; the child learns to read by first learning to read outloud, by learning sound-spelling correspondences. This is done through explicit instruction, practice,...

Deaf children can develop reading skills by using a visual language to bridge meaning to English print without the use of English auditory phonology. To this end, five deafcentric frameworks are described that take into account the use of visual language and visual learning, as well as the use of deaf cultural role models in the teaching of reading. Moving away from the deficit model, these fra...

In this study, the effectiveness of training close reading has been evaluated on reducing exam anxiety (reducing Social Credit, cognitive barriers and tension mode) of female students in the 8th grade. The research method was an experimental type. The statistical population of the research was female students of the 5th district of Tehran who was studying at the eighth gra...

The aim of this study was to compare the production of nanocrystals of a poorly watersoluble antioxidant, quercetin, by top-down and bottom-up techniques. The top-down method used was high pressure homogenization (HPH) and bottom-up method of evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension (EPN) was used and the products from both these methods were compared. The particle size of the original drug ...