This study demonstrates that the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) can infect in vitro cells of human, simian, bovine, canine, caprine, ovine, and bat origin. Cultures of these cells, cocultivated with BLV-infected cells or inoculated with cell-free BLV preparations, continuoously showed the presence of cells with the internal BLV antigen as well as BLV-induced syncytia. Virus replication was abundan...

BACKGROUND Deer are an important wildlife species in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland having colonised most regions across the island of Ireland. In comparison to cattle and sheep which represent the main farmed ruminant species on the island, there is a lack of data concerning their exposure, as measured by the presence of antibodies, to important viral pathogens of ruminants....

Two hundred and thirty-nine cattle from Gauteng Province in South Africa were tested for various pathogens causing reproductive diseases includingbovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease (BVD/MD) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) virus, Neospora caninum and Brucella abortus usingvarious tests. For BVD/MD virus, 49.37% tested positive, 74.47% for...

As part of the preparatory phase of a disease control programme in three herds infected with bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus (demonstrated by virus isolation), initial serological screening was performed on all livestock older than six months (351 animals) by blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a monoclonal antibody recognising a common epitope to the ...

Introduction Initiation of protein translation on several viral genomes and a growing number of eukaryotic mRNAs has been shown to occur independently of a 5’ m7GpppX cap and to require a specialised RNA structure, an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Cap-independent initiation of translation was first described for picornaviruses. The uncapped 5’ UTR of each picornaviral RNA genome contains...