Laboratory diagnostic procedures for bovine virus diarrhoea and mucosal disease are reviewed. For serology, emphasis is placed on the virus neutralisation test and enzyme immunoassays. The techniques and the pitfalls which may be encountered in culture procedures for isolation of the virus are described, with special reference to the use of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods for th...

This paper aims to evaluate different formats of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of virus-specific antibodies and focuses on factors that may influence the diagnostic reliability of such tests. Newly developed and well-established ELISAs for detection of infections of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), classical swine fever viru...

In Egypt, bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) was initially detected as the result of a serological survey of cattle and sheep, using the serum neutralisation test. In 1970, the causal pestivirus was isolated from bovine calves and buffalo calves with pneumonia and enteritis. Mixed viral infections were also prevalent. Cases of immune tolerance were identified. The Egyptian industry...

The spread of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in a closed dairy herd maintained under typical management conditions is studied using two approaches. In the first instance a stochastic computer model is used to simulate the month-to-month changes in the infection status of each animal. These results are contrasted with the results of a mass-action model which uses three differential equation...

A post-pubertal bull on an artificial insemination station was found to be persistently shedding bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in semen over a period of eleven months, while demonstrating no viraemia. Circulating antibodies to BVDV were consistently high, suggesting that the immune system was challenged repeatedly. Post-mortem findings confirmed that the virus was sequestered in the teste...

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically important animal pathogen which is closely related to Hepatitis C virus. Of the structural proteins, the envelope glycoprotein E2 of BVDV is the major antigen which induces neutralizing antibodies; thus, BVDV E2 is considered as an ideal target for use in subunit vaccines. Here, the expression, purification of wild-type and mutant forms of ...

the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (blv) in khorasan razavi and khorasan shomali provinces which are the main provinces located in the northeast of iran. total number of 429 blood samples were collected from industrial dairy herds. the samples were categorized based on province, age (2-3, 4-6, and 7-10 years old), calving (≤ 2, 3-5, and > 5) and h...