this paper is to examine the hypothsis that in view of some muslim's thinkers, every political system has been formed in the last period of prev ious political system by some of the usefulness competents simple – minded, truthfulness, bravery men. but ofter victory, these competents are contaminated to power corruption by themselves. they are also inclined to sociological and psychological...

A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition. A stress perspective is used to illuminate how competitive defeat and victory shape biology and behavior. We report a field study examining how change in cortisol following perceived defeat (vs. victory) in a competition-in this case, a dog agility competition-relates to affiliative behavior. Following competition, we measured...

Individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) provides anxious youth with skills and experiences to increase "brave" behavior in the face of feared situations. This study addresses whether parental encouragement of bravery during an anxiety provoking and potentially avoidable naturalistic speech task (a) differs between parents of youth (ages 9-13) with anxiety disorders (N=47) and parents of h...

The Long March of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army created a great miracle in human history. This article is based on historical review eight important decisions actions during central Army’s crossing Dadu River March, including feigning attack Fulin, lightly taking Caluo, night raiding Anshun, forcefully River, dividing troops flanking supporting from right, galloping advancing left...

Intraspecific coalitional aggression between groups of individuals is a widespread trait in the animal world. It occurs in invertebrates and vertebrates, and is prevalent in humans. What are the conditions under which coalitional aggression evolves in natural populations? In this article, I develop a mathematical model delineating conditions where natural selection can favor the coevolution of ...

Two studies examined interactions of implicit power motivation and experimentally varied victory or defeat in a contest on implicit learning of a visuomotor sequence associated with the contest outcome and changes in testosterone and self-reported affect. In men and women, power motivation predicted enhanced learning (sequence-execution accuracy) after a victory and impaired learning after a de...

As most of you know, I am a sports fan and an admirer of gifted athletes. It was fun being a Lumberjack fan this past fall and watching them in person playing and winning the state title. It was also a wonderful experience to watch how they did it, playing almost a perfect game. Yet the crowning joy was how the Lumberjacks handled their victory following the game. I would not have blamed them a...

this study tries to show how gender as a discourse construction has been formed since decades before the islamic revolution in imam khomeini’s words differently from then language system capacity, power and residence relations embodied in the traditional discourses, pre-revolution modernization period, in a context of political and social events and how it has stabilized or transformed the cust...