Motion estimation is usually based on the brightness constancy assumption. This assumption holds well for rigid objects with a Lambertian surface, but it is less appropriate for fluid and gaseous materials. For these materials a variant of this assumption, which we call the brightness conservation assumption should be employed. Under this assumption an object’s brightness can diffuse to its nei...

The brightness measured by fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy specifies the average stoichiometry of a labeled protein in a sample. Here we extended brightness analysis, which has been mainly applied in eukaryotic cells, to prokaryotic cells with E. coli serving as a model system. The small size of the E. coli cell introduces unique challenges for applying brightness analysis that are addres...

This study investigates the role played by individual spatial scales in determining the apparent brightness of greyscale patterns. We measured the perceived difference in brightness across an edge in the presence of notch filtering and high-pass filtering for two stimulus configurations, one that elicits the perception of transparency and one that appears opaque. For both stimulus configuration...

When a chromatic (eg light-blue) annulus surrounds the central gap of an Ehrenstein figure so as to connect the inner ends of the radial lines, a striking new lightness effect emerges: the central white disk has both a self-luminous quality (brighter than in the regular Ehrenstein figure) and a surface quality (dense, paste-like). Self-luminous and surface qualities do not ordinarily appear co-...

I t is popular to use the conventional correlation for pattern recognition. But when uaing the conventional correlation, the pattern should be gray-level pattern. In this paper, we will discuss how to use discrete quaternion correlation (DQCR) for the application of color pattern recognition. With the algorithm introduced here, we can detect the objects that have the same shape, color, and brig...

We discuss the optical parameter space (luminosity and surface brightness) over which galaxies are known to exist and report on the results from three recent datasets: the Two-degree Field Galaxy Red-shift Survey, the Hubble Deep Field north, and the Local Group. These data are combined to provide a unique and comprehensive insight into the luminosity distribution of galaxies over the range −24...

A segmentation method based on the integration of motion and brightness is proposed for image sequences. The method is composed of two parallel pathways that process motion and brightness, respectively. Inspired by the visual system, the motion pathway has two stages. The first stage estimates local motion at locations with reliable information. The second stage performs segmentation based on l...

A gray region can be made to look colored by a colored surround. This phenomenon, chromatic induction, depends on color differences around the boundary of the region. We performed experiments on chromatic induction with small, initially achromatic, targets on nine different colored surrounds ranging in color from blue to red. Using scaling of saturation as our measure of perceived color strengt...

A prevalent conceptual metaphor is the association of the concepts of good and evil with brightness and darkness, respectively. Music cognition, like metaphor, is possibly embodied, yet no study has addressed the question whether musical emotion can modulate brightness judgment in a metaphor consistent fashion. In three separate experiments, participants judged the brightness of a grey square t...

Peripheral viewing is characterized by poor resolution and distortions as compared to central viewing; nevertheless, when we move our gaze around, the visual scene does not appear to change. One possible mechanism leading to perceptual uniformity would be that peripheral appearance is extrapolated based on foveal information. Here we investigate foveal-to-peripheral extrapolation in the case of...