M orphologic alterations occur in the maturing and aging lung. These morphologic alterations are reflected in functional changes which, in the case of the aging lung, are qualitatively similar to those observed in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Any study which attempts to evaluate the morphologic and functional changes of COPD must differentiate that part contributed by ...

BACKGROUND Transbronchial lung biopsy using a cryoprobe is a novel way of sampling lung parenchyma. Correlation of freezing time with biopsy size and complications has not been evaluated in vivo. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between transbronchial cryobiopsy freezing time and size. The secondary aims are to evaluate histological quality of the biopsy ...

Inner city children exposed to high levels of ozone suffer from an increased prevalence of respiratory diseases. Lung development in children is a long-term process, and there is a significant period of time during development when children growing up in urban areas are exposed to oxidant air pollution. This study was designed to test whether repeating cycles of injury and repair caused by epis...

A morphological and quantitative study was performed on the respiratory epithelium of human distal airways in 20 lungs removed at operation for the treatment of carcinoma. Using 1 micron araldite sections stained with Toluidine Blue for light microscopy, with further electron microscopic study where required, we have described mast cells in the epithelium of bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, a...

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia is a rare condition affecting mostly women in the fifth and sixth decades of life. Here we present a case of its accidental finding in the lung parenchyma of a 56-year-old non-smoker female. In the periphery of the right middle lobe, linear and nodular proliferations were detected in the wall of the small bronchi and terminal and resp...

Precice information on the treatment of bronchial asthma in Persia up to 9th and 10th century is not available. However according to some old religious books like Yasna and Vendidad, the “Haoma” had been used in the treatment of perspiration disorders and its extract had been advised by Zoraster as sacred water. There are some interesting idea about treatment of thorax diseases, which consist: ...

Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for all respiratory tract diseases. Unfortunately, the symptoms develop slowly, thus patients feel the consequences of the slowly developing inflammation too late. The inflammation first develops in the area of respiratory bronchioles. In this stage, the disease is asymptomatic. The study included a sample of 31 smokers, mean age 36.38 years, with n...

We examined the relationship between C-fiber-mediated, ozone-induced rapid shallow breathing and airway epithelial cell injury at different airway sites within the lower respiratory tract of conscious Wistar rats (n = 24). We combined an acute 8-h ozone inhalation with vagal perineural capsaicin treatment, a selective C-fiber conduction block, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling as an i...

Styrene is a mouse-specific lung carcinogen, and short-term mode of action studies have demonstrated that cytotoxicity and/or cell proliferation, and genomic changes are dependent on CYP2F2 metabolism. The current study examined histopathology, cell proliferation, and genomic changes in CD-1, C57BL/6 (WT), CYP2F2(-/-) (KO), and CYP2F2(-/-) (CYP2F1, 2B6, 2A13-transgene) (TG; humanized) mice foll...

The appearances in a bronchogram of the more proximal branches of the bronchial tree are well known and have been fully described (Huizinga and Smelt, 1949; Twining and Kerley, 1951; Fischer, 1953; Brock, 1954; Ritvo, 1956). This is not so in regard to the more distal and final branches, and there is, moreover, some confusion as to which structures are outlined by the contrast medium at the per...