brown pigmentation was reduced from 73.77 ± 12.69% to 69.15 ± 13.56% (p = 0.042) in the BF group, with a decrease in total dark spots from 20.47 ± 16.57 to 13.76 ± 12.04 (p = 0.010). No significant changes in total redness or brown pigmentation occurred in either of the control groups (p = 0.75 and 0.89). At 90 days, VAS scores were significantly improved for radiance, brown spots and dryness i...

brown pigmentation was reduced from 73.77 ± 12.69% to 69.15 ± 13.56% (p = 0.042) in the BF group, with a decrease in total dark spots from 20.47 ± 16.57 to 13.76 ± 12.04 (p = 0.010). No significant changes in total redness or brown pigmentation occurred in either of the control groups (p = 0.75 and 0.89). At 90 days, VAS scores were significantly improved for radiance, brown spots and dryness i...

Brown spot caused by Bipolaris oryzae is an important rice disease in Southern coast of Caspian Sea, the major rice growing region in Iran. A total of 45 Trichoderma isolates were obtained from rice paddy fields in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces which belonged to Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens and T. atroviride species. Initially, they were screened against B. oryzae by antagonism tests in...

BACKGROUND Marine diseases are being increasingly linked to anthropogenic factors including global and local stressors. On the Great Barrier Reef, up to 66% of the Ianthella basta population was recently found to be afflicted by a syndrome characterized by brown spot lesions and necrotic tissue. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Manipulative experiments were undertaken to ascertain the role of e...