Development is not restricted to so-called higher organisms. Developmental processes in bacteria include differentiation of a single cell, such as the swarmer-to-stalk transition by Caulobacter crescentus and spore formation by Bacillus subtilis. Other microbes, such as Myxococcus xanthus, produce specialized cells within a population to form sporulating fruiting bodies (19). As we learn more a...

In large software systems the build process often takes a very considerable amount of time. When some source code files are modified, partial rebuilding of only the affected system parts is desired. For many years tools have existed, which can automatically detect dependencies between source code files and perform partial rebuilding. However, no common tool is currently able to deal efficiently...

The Hydra chip multiprocessor (CMP) integrates four MIPS-based processors and their primary caches on a single chip together with a shared secondary cache. A standard CMP offers implementation and performance advantages compared to wide-issue superscalar designs. However, it must be programmed with a more complicated parallel programming model to obtain maximum performance. To simplify parallel...

UNLABELLED Regenerative technologies strive to boost innate repair processes and restitute normative impact. Deployment of regenerative principles into practice is poised to usher in a new era in health care, driving radical innovation in patient management to address the needs of an aging population challenged by escalating chronic diseases. There is urgency to design, execute, and validate vi...

T he structural com ponents th a t lead to enzyme function are discussed for one simple enzyme-catalysed reac tio n : tha t m ediated by triosephosphate isomerase. First, the recognition and binding of the substrates’ phospho group is seen to involve four m ain-chain —N H — hydrogen bonds, two of which are positioned a t the positive end of a short a-helix aimed precisely at the phospho group a...

Introduction: The head scatter factor (Sc) is one of the important parameters for monitor unit (MU) calculation. There are multiple factors that impact the Sc values, such as, head structures, back scattering in to dose monitoring chambers, wedges and so on. This study aimed to investigate the variations of SC with different build-up cap materials, wall thickness, Source to ...

introduction wedge modifiers are commonly applied in external beam radiotherapy to change the dose distribution corresponding to the body contour and to obtain a uniform dose distribution within the target volume. since the radiation dose delivered to the target must be within ±5% of the prescribed dose, accurate dose calculation by a treatment planning system (tps) is important. the objective ...