The term “the three Rs” in science refers to replacement, reduction, and refinement, a set of guiding principles for more humane use of animals in research and testing: replacement of animals with nonsentient alternatives; reduction of the number of animals used to the minimum consistent with achieving the scientific objectives; and refinement of scientific procedures and husbandry to minimize ...

Junghyun Ryu, Fernanda C. Burch, Emily Mishler, Martha Neuringer, Jon D. Hennebold and Carol Hanna. Journal of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology 2022;37:292-7. https://doi.org/10.12750/JARB.37.4.292

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and laparoscopic Burch procedures in treating genuine stress urinary incontinence in obese patients. METHODS This was a retrospective evaluation of 91 consecutive cases of TVT alone or TVT combined with other procedures from April 1999 through March 2000 and 51 consecutive cases of the laparoscopic Burch proce...

Operation Concept: Elevation of the vaginal fascia on both sides lateral to the cystourethral junction to suspend the bladder neck. Contrary to the original method of Burch the vaginal fascia will not be completely attached to the Lig. Iliopectinum (=Cooper ligament), you pull the knot only until you create a kind of hammock under the bladder neck. Use only non-resorbable sutures. If there is a...

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı stres üriner inkontinansın cerrahi tedavisinde uygulanan trans obturatuar tape (TOT) ve Burch operasyonlarını postoperatif rezidüel volüm, seksüel fonksiyon inkontinans skorları açısından karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç Yöntem: Çalışma prospektif gözlemsel olarak dizayn edildi. Eylül 2014- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında cerrahisi olgular dahil Trans hastalar rezidü miktarı, Ari...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare a modified Burch procedure with a suburethral sling for the treatment of stress incontinence complicated by a low-pressure urethra. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-six women with stress incontinence, low-pressure urethra, and urethral hypermobility (straining cotton swab angle >/=30 degrees ) were randomly assigned to undergo either a modified Burch procedur...

Assessing speaking in context: Expanding the construct and its applications Salaberry, M. R., & Burch, A. R. (Eds.) Multilingual Matters, 2021