Hyoscine-N-butyl bromide is a widely used antispasmodic belonging to the belladonna alkaloid class of semisynthetic quaternary ammonium compounds. These compounds exert a spasmolytic action on the smooth muscles of the bile-gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, salivary glands (xerostomia), and also on the visual apparatus - in particular, the irido-ciliary complex. As a consequence, the...

Ammonium fluoride, NH4F, is often seen as an analog to ice, with several of its solid phases closely resembling known ice phases. While ionic and hydrogen-ordered nature puts topological constraints on the ice-like network structures it can form, not clear what consequences these have for NH4F compound formation evolution. Here, we explore computationally reach eventual limits analogy ammonium ...

An efficient enantioselective synthetic method for the synthesis of (2R)-5-phenyl-2-alkylproline tert-butyl esters was reported. The phase-transfer catalytic alkylation of tert-butyl-5-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate in the presence of chiral quaternary ammonium catalysts gave the corresponding alkylated products (up to 97% ee). The following diastereoselective reductions afforded c...

poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/clay nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ atom transfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer in the presence of a montmorillonite ion-exchanged with mixed surfactants of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and vinyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. the living nature of polymerization is confrmed by occurrence of narrow molecula...

In the title compound, (C(10)H(24)N)[FeCl(4)], no classical hydrogen bonds are observed. The butyl-triethyl-ammonium cations inter-act with the tetra-hedral [FeCl(4)](-) anion through weak C-H⋯Cl inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional network.

An efficient, catalytic, diastereo- and enantioselective conjugate addition of N-(diphenylmethylene)glycine tert-butyl ester to β-aryl substituted enones was realized in the presence of 1 mol% of newly desired dinuclear N-spiro-ammonium salts, affording functionalized α-amino acid derivatives in 57-98% yields with high diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1 dr) and enantioselectivity (up to 96.5:3.5 ...

We have found a novel prolyl aminopeptidase in Grifola frondosa. The enzyme was purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Butyl-Toyopearl, Sephacryl S-100, and Mono-Q column chromatographies. The purified enzyme exists as a dimer and gives high activity toward L-proline-p-nitroanilide. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and iodoacetic acid and markedly inhibited by phenylm...

The stability of hydrate frameworks is influenced by guest molecules capable of hydrogen bonding with surrounding water molecules. Four remarkable features from the ammonium fluoride incorporation into a crystalline hydrate matrix provide important information on the thermodynamic stability, formation kinetics, structural characteristics, and molecular behavior in clathrate hydrate systems.

Using a mature biofilm model, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibacterial agents in comparison with silver diamine fluoride (SDF). Forty-eight saliva-coated enamel slabs were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans monospecies biofilm. The biofilms were then exposed to 10% sucrose in tryptone yeast-extract culture medium, 8 times per day for 7 days. After the...

This paper presents titanium dioxide nanostructured surfaces prepared in organic electrolytes containing ammonium fluoride by anodic oxidation method. Two approaches were used for fabrication, one-step and two-step anodization. The obtained TiO2 surfaces have nanoporous structure. The morphology of anodized TiO2 nanostructures was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).