Mean blood cadmium (B-Cd) concentrations are two- to threefold higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. The basis for this phenomenon is not well understood. We conducted a detailed, multifaceted study of cadmium exposure in smokers. Groups were older smokers (62±4 years, n = 25, 20% male) and nonsmokers (62±3 years, n = 16, 31% male). Each subject's cigarettes were machine smoked, generating indi...

Cadmium is a hazardous heavy metal existing ubiquitously in the environment, but the mechanism of cadmium transport into mammalian cells has been poorly understood. Recently, we have established a cadmium-resistant cell line (Cd-rB5) from immortalized metallothionein-null mouse cells, and found that Cd-rB5 cells exhibited a marked decrease in cadmium uptake. To investigate the mechanism of alte...

The effect of salinity on cadmium uptake and elimination by brine shrimp Artemia urmiana which lives only in Urumieh Lake, Iran, was studied for the first time. Brine Shrimp were acclimated to different salinities and exposed to the metal in solution at differing salinities and composition. Experimental salinities ranged from 50 to 125 gL and the concentrations for cadmium added to the solution...

Effect of selenium on uptake of cadmium in the benthic marine invertebrates Asterias rubens, Mytilus edulis, Littorina littorea, and Arenicola marina was investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. A. rubens exposed to 200 ~cg Cd 1-' alone took up cadmium in body wall, pyloric caeca, and tube feet at initial rates of 1 to 2 pg Cd g-' dry wt d-'; steady state concentrations of 10 to 30 p...

BACKGROUND Cadmium is a known carcinogen that can disrupt endocrine signalling. Cigarette smoking and food are the most common routes of non-occupational exposure to cadmium. Cadmium accumulates in the kidney and can be measured in urine, making urine cadmium (U-Cd) a biomarker of long-term exposure. However dietary-cadmium (D-Cd) intake estimates are often used as surrogate indicator of cadmiu...

A randomized complete block (RCBD) study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) on the growth, bioaccumulation of the two heavy metals, metabolite content and antibacterial activities in Gyanura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Nine treatments including (1) control (no Cd and Cu); (2) Cd 2 = cadmium 2 mg/L; (3) Cd 4 = cadmium 4 mg/L; (4) Cu 70 = copper 70 mg/L; (5) Cu 1...

The lumen-to-cell transport, cellular accumulation, and toxicity of ionic cadmium (Cd) and cadmium-cysteine conjugate (Cys-S-Cd-S-Cys) were studied in isolated perfused S2 segments of the proximal tubule of the rabbit kidney. All perfusion solutions were HEPES buffered and contained H-L-glucose which functioned as a volume and leak marker along with 250 nM FD & C Green dye as a vital dye. When ...

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chlorella on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Cd- administered rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats (14 week-old) were blocked into 6 groups. Cadmium chloride was given at levels of 0 or 325 mg (Cd: 0, 160 ppm), and chlorella powder at levels of 0, 3 and 5%. Cadmium was accumulated in blood and tissues (liver, kidney and small intestine) in the Cd-e...

Cadmium is a toxic pollutant with occupational and environmental significance, due to its diverse toxic effects. Supramolecules that conjugate and decontaminate toxic metals have potential for use in treatment of cadmium intoxication. In addition, metal-coordinating ability has been postulated to contribute to the cytotoxic effects of anti-tumor agents such as cisplatin or bleomycin. Thiacalixa...

Cadmium signifies a severe threat to crop productivity and green gram is a notably iron sensitive plant which shows considerable variation towards cadmium stress. A gel-based proteomics analysis was performed with the roots of green gram exposed to iron and cadmium combined treatments. The resulting data show that twenty three proteins were down-regulated in iron-deprived roots either in the ab...