Microbial biofilm is defined as a sessile multicellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms play a very important role in pulp and periradicular pathosis. The aim of this article was to review the role of endodontic biofilms and the effects of root canal irrigants,...

Oxidation of proteins is a common phenomenon in the inflammatory process mediated by highly reactive agents such as hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)) produced by activated neutrophils. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis hypochlorite plays an important role in joint destruction. One of the major targets for HOCl/OCl(-) is collagen type II (CII) - the primary cartilage protein. In our study, HOCl/OCl...

When the pathological process affects dental pulp of deciduous element and causes inflammation or infection, endodontic treatment is indicated. The maintenance primary tooth important, especially in cases permanent agenesis. aim this study to report a clinical case about lower molar with furcation lesion, root resorption premolar A patient was selected at clinic FAPAC/ITPAC (Porto Nacional) – T...

INTRODUCTION Microorganisms should be considered to have the major role in starting and perpetuation of pulpo-periapical diseases. Using intracanal medicaments is necessary to gain a bacteria-free environment in the canal system. Calcium hydroxide (abbreviated as Ca(OH)2), which is the most commonly used medicament in endodontic therapy, has been shown to be effective against primary sources of...

A study was undertaken to determine the most effective element among the commonly used antimicrobial agents, especially in the body muscle of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) on the basis of different chemical interventions. Using 10 ppm calcium hypochlorite, the microbial load has been reduced more significantly (p>0.001) than trisodiu...

The combined disinfection process of ultraviolet and sodium hypochlorite has more advantages than the single method in reducing disinfectant dosage, shortening reaction time, resisting impact water quality changes inhibiting light reactivation microorganisms. Given this, using secondary effluent a sewage plant as research object, efficiency was investigated. experimental results showed that ina...

of Xaga sore. Its identity is easily established by finding the fusiform bacillus plus the spirochete with the microscope. It is generally conceded that its effective treatment is often difficult. This, indeed, is apparent when the list of remedies recommended is reviewed. Formalin, carbolic acid, mercury, chlorinated lime, iodoform, silver preparations, bismuth and others externally; salvarsan...

The dissolving effect of the endodontic medicaments calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on necrotic tissue was studied. Pieces of necrotic porcine muscular tissue were placed in either a 0.5% NaOCI solution (Dakin's solution), Ca(OH)2 mixed with water, or a NaOCI solution following pretreatment in Ca(OH)2 for various time intervals. The tissue pieces placed in 0.5% NaOCl...