introduction: the aim of this study was to assess the effect of ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase iiα (camkiiα) inhibitor (kn-93) injection into the locus coeruleus (lc) on the modulation of withdrawal signs. we also sought to study the effect of chronic morphine administration on camkiiα activity in the rat lc. methods: the research was based on behavioral and molecular studies. in the behavior...

BACKGROUND SKF83959 stimulates the phospholipase Cβ/inositol phosphate 3 pathway, resulting in the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα, which affects the synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a neurotrophic factor critical for the pathophysiology of depression. Previous reports showed that SKF83959 elicited antidepressant activity in the forced swim test and tail susp...

objective(s): the rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) is responsible for the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration through a phospholipase c-dependent and phospholipase c-independent pathways in infected cells. it is shown that increasing of intracellular calcium concentration in rotavirus infected cells is associated with the activation of some members of protein kinases family su...

Objective(s): The rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) is responsible for the increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration through a phospholipase C-dependent and phospholipase C-independent pathways in infected cells. It is shown that increasing of intracellular calcium concentration in rotavirus infected cells is associated with the activation of some members of protein kinases family su...

Synaptic plasticity relies on the rapid changes in neurotransmitter receptor number at postsynaptic sites. Using superresolution photoactivatable localization microscopy imaging and quantum dot-based single-particle tracking in rat hippocampal cultured neurons, we investigated whether the phosphorylation status of the main scaffolding protein gephyrin influenced the organization of the gephyrin...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) inhibitor (KN-93) injection into the locus coeruleus (LC) on the modulation of withdrawal signs. We also sought to study the effect of chronic morphine administration on CaMKIIα activity in the rat LC. Methods: The research was based on behavioral and molecular studies. In the behav...

Introduction: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is highly expressed in the hippocampus, which has a pivotal role in reward-related memories and morphine dependence. Methods: In the present study, morphine tolerance was induced in male Wistar rats by 7 days repeated morphine injections once daily, and then gene expression profile of α-isoform of CaMKII (CaMKIIα) in the hipp...

Background: The ventral striatum is an integrated drug reward and addiction center. Objectives: We aimed to examine changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines subsequent the expression of biologically-relevant genes neuroinflammation response frequent morphine exposure. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups, a control, morphine-treated group, receiving eight day...