A monovalent antivenom was produced by immunizing two horses with venom of the pit viper Bothrops asper (Ophidia: Viperidae). Although development of the immune response against four toxic and enzymatic activities of the venom was similar in both horses during the first two thirds of the immunization schedule, antibody response in one of the horses reached much higher levels in the last part of...

Despite being a major health problem, snakebites in Colombia are not managed as a neglected tropical disease, leaving the distribution of antivenom to the regular structure of the health system. This strategy leads to a lack of inventory and control of the supplies, increasing the probability of patient displacement, local antivenom shortages and deaths due to lack of treatment. We propose an a...

BACKGROUND Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) is an important feature of snake envenoming. AIM To investigate the effect of antivenom and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on recovery of VICC in Australian elapid snake envenoming. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Patients with VICC were included from the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP). Time to recovery of VICC (defined as t...

Antivenom neutralization against cobra venoms is generally low in potency, presumably due to poor toxin-specific immunoreactivity. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of two elapid antivenoms to neutralize the principal toxins purified from the venoms of the Thai monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia, Nk-T) and the Malaysian beaked sea snake (Hydrophis schistosus, Hs-M). In mice, N. kaout...

The neutralizing capacity of antivenom prepared against Thai cobra (Naja kaouthia) venom was compared in mice using the homologous venom and that of spitting cobra (Naja siamensis). The amounts of antivenoms neutralizing a dose of 4 LD50 of the test venom were determined. Four antivenom preparations were used: three purified antivenoms and a crude antivenom, which were made using N. kaouthia ve...

Title: Cross neutralization of Hypnale hypnale (hump-nosed pit viper) venom by polyvalent and monovalent Malayan pit viper antivenoms in vitro and in a rodent model of Hypnale hypnale (hump-nosed pit viper) venom by polyvalent and monovalent Malayan pit viper antivenoms in vitro and in a rodent model, This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a serv...

This paper presents the first study of F(ab')(2) scorpion antivenom pharmacokinetics in humans after intramuscular (im) administration. The specific anti-Centruroides scorpion antivenom was used in 6 human healthy volunteers. The fabotherapeutic was administered as a 47.5mg im bolus. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 , 90, 120, and 180 min, 6h and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 21 days af...

background: latrodectism, a syndrome caused by latrodectus genus, is one of the clinical problems that occur predominantly in north east of iran. nowadays antivenom therapy has become the most useful treatment for animal bites; however there is still a controversy about route and time of antivenom administration in spider bite. the aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of speci...

background hemolyis of red blood cells is a serious toxic effect commonly found among patients envenomed by hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion. objectives the aim of the present study was to evlaute the efficay of the avaible polyvalent antivneom in preventing this phenomena. materials and methods using a red blood cell fragility test, the anti-hemolytic effectiveness of a new antivenom serum again...