Camouflaged robots and leave-behind surveillance sensors are desirable in information, surveillance and reconnaissance operations to minimize the chances of detection by the enemy. Today’s camouflaging techniques involve nets and painted patterns that are fixed in color and geometry, limiting their use to specific environments; a fact illustrated by numerous changes in military uniforms designe...

Primates need to detect and recognize camouflaged animals in natural environments. Camouflage-breaking movements are often the only visual cue available to accomplish this. Specifically, sudden movements are often detected before full recognition of the camouflaged animal is made, suggesting that initial processing of motion precedes the recognition of motion-defined contours or shapes. What ar...

We report that the skin of cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, contains opsin transcripts suggesting a possible role of distributed light sensing for dynamic camouflage and signalling. The mRNA coding for opsin from various body regions was amplified and sequenced, and gene expression was detected in fin and ventral skin samples. The amino acid sequence of the opsin polypeptide that these transcript...

Animal coloration is strikingly diverse in nature. Within-species color variation can arise through local adaptation for camouflage, sexual dimorphism and conspicuous sexual signals, which often have conflicting effects on survival. Here, we tested whether color variation between two island populations of Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) is due to sexual dimorphism and differential survi...

The goal of this research is to increase attacker workload by camouflaging servers. Server vulnerabilities are dependent on the specific operating system or server type, version, service pack, and/or patch level. Protocol definitions offer considerable flexibility to developers, and as a result it is possible to fingerprint a particular server by communicating with it using either legitimate or...

There is huge diversity in visual systems and color discrimination abilities, thought to stem from an animal's ecology and life history. Many primate species maintain a polymorphism in color vision, whereby most individuals are dichromats but some females are trichromats, implying that selection sometimes favors dichromatic vision. Detecting camouflaged prey is thought to be a task where dichro...

There have been several examples in which both Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) systems collected data in support of military operations (SMO). FOPEN (Foliage Penetration) radar has been used to penetrate tree canopies in order to detect objects. On the other hand, spectral differences between targets and backgrounds are used in HSI systems. Both SAR and HSI system...

The neotropical flat bug species Dysodius lunatus and Dysodius magnus show a fascinating camouflage principle, as their appearance renders the animal hardly visible on the bark of trees. However, when getting wet due to rain, bark changes its colour and gets darker. In order to keep the camouflage effect, it seems that some Dysodius species benefit from their ability to hold a water film on the...

Sexual signals often compromise camouflage because of their conspicuousness. Pigmentation patterns, on the contrary, aid in camouflage. It was hypothesized that a particular type of pattern-barred plumage in birds, whereby pigmented bars extend across feathers-could simultaneously signal individual quality, because disruptions of these patterns should be perceptually salient at close range and ...

Free and uncensored access to the Internet is an important right nowadays. Repressive regimes, however, prevent their citizens from freely using the Internet and utilize censorship to suppress unwanted content. To overcome such filtering, researchers introduced circumvention systems that avoid censorship by cloaking and redirecting the censored traffic through a legitimate channel. Sadly, this ...