The Japanese adaptation of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR-J) is a tailored version of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), designed to better meet the needs of Japanese learners of English. The CEFR-J, like the CEFR, uses illustrative  descriptors  known  as  can-do  statements,  that  describe  achievement  goals  for five  skills  (listening,  reading,  spoken ...

introduction. with constant changes in health care it is imperative that nursing education programs themselves act as agents of change. nursing education has the responsibility to produce nursing professionals and expert practitioners to shape the nursing practice not merely respond to changes in the practice environment. it must prepare nurses who can participate as full partners in health car...

Introduction. With constant changes in health care it is imperative that nursing education programs themselves act as agents of change. Nursing education has the responsibility to produce nursing professionals and expert practitioners to shape the nursing practice not merely respond to changes in the practice environment. It must prepare nurses who can participate as full partners in health car...

chest tube (ct) or tube thoracostomy placement is often indicated following traumatic injuries. premature movement of the chest tube leads to increased hospital complications and costs for patients. placement of a chest tube is indicated in drainage of blood, bile, pus, drain air, and other fluids. although there is a general agreement for the placement of a chest tube, there is little consensu...