BACKGROUND Epidemiological data show that radiation exposure during childhood is associated with larger cancer risks compared with exposure at older ages. For exposures in adulthood, however, the relative risks of radiation-induced cancer in Japanese atomic bomb survivors generally do not decrease monotonically with increasing age of adult exposure. These observations are inconsistent with most...

BACKGROUND Welders are exposed to many known and suspected carcinogens. An excess lung cancer risk among welders is well established, but whether this is attributable to welding fumes is unclear. Excess risks of other cancers have been suggested, but not established. We investigated welding cancer risks in the population-based Canadian Census Health and Environmental Cohort. METHODS Among 1.1...

CONTEXT Providing accurate estimates of cancer risks is a major challenge in the clinical management of Lynch syndrome. OBJECTIVE To estimate the age-specific cumulative risks of developing various tumors using a large series of families with mutations of the MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 genes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Families with Lynch syndrome enrolled between January 1, 2006, and Dece...

The authors examined cancer incidence sex ratios in Denmark for 1943-2003 by age group. At nongenital/nonbreast sites, incidences were consistently higher in males. While environmental factors dominate cancer risk, the authors hypothesized that the higher risk in males might be explained by unspecified X chromosome genes' protecting female cells from genotoxic damage. If so, cancer susceptibili...

Introduction: Ionizing radiation has long-term risks, especially cancer. Since physicians request radiological examinations for patients, they need to be aware of its benefit and also risks. The aim of this study was to assess the overall knowledge of physicians in Yazd province about the radiation risks associated with diagnostic imaging procedures. Material and Methods: In this descriptive ...

Obesity is an important public health problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with an increased risk of several cancer types. Also, obesity is associated with an increase in cancer mortality. Biological mechanisms and the relationship between obesity and cancer are complex and not well understood. Studies on the role of adiposederived factors in c...

AIM To assess the association between excess body weight and cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who were registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). METHODS This is a cohort study based on 25,268 patients with T2D and baseline BMI≥18.5 kg/m(2) from NDR 1997-1999. Subjects were grouped according to BMI into normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9) o...

OBJECTIVES Lung cancer surgery leads to long term survival for some patients but little is known about how patients decide whether to accept the associated surgical risks. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore patients' attitudes to the risks associated with lung cancer surgery. METHODS Fifteen patients with resectable lung cancer, recruited via multi-disciplinary team meetin...