background: recently, botulinum neurotoxin (bont)-derived recombinant proteins have been suggested as potential botulism vaccines. here, with concentrating on bont type e (bont/e), we studied two of these binding domain-based recombinant proteins: a multivalent chimer protein, which is composed of bont serotypes a, b and e binding subdomains, and a monovalent recombinant protein, which contains...

An overview is given of various dark matter candidates. Among the many suggestions given in the literature, axions, inert Higgs doublet, sterile neutrinos, supersymmetric particles and Kaluza-Klein particles are discussed. The situation has recently become very interesting with new results on antimatter in the cosmic rays having dark matter as one of the leading possible explanations. Problems ...

The covariant level-classification scheme of hadrons with Ũ(12)SF ⊗ O(3, 1)L symmetry has been proposed, 1) which gives a covariant quark representation for composite hadrons with definite Lorentz and chiral transformation properties. This covariant classification scheme unifies two seemingly contradictory viewpoints, nonrelativistic and extremely relativistic ones, of quark-model classificatio...