thiopental sodium is an ultra short-acting barbiturate. due to its redistribution characteristic, its first injection has a short term effect. in order to elongate its anesthesia duration, more injections are needed. as these additional injections extend the recovery length , weaken respiration and causes other dangerous effects; its repeated use is considered unsafe. citicoline is a natural su...

The canine is frequently used as a model for human hip arthroplasty research. In order to better understand the appropriateness of the canine as a model for human total hip replacement studies, the external morphology of canine and human femurs were examined and compared. Several differences were found between canine and human femora, including angular measurements, anterior bow, and femoral he...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to compare different surgical approaches to rapid canine retraction by designing and selecting the most effective method of reducing resistance by a three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three-dimensional finite element models of different approaches to rapid canine retraction by reducing resistance and distraction were establish...

distraction osteogenesis method (do) in bone lengthening and rapid midpalatal expansion have shown the great ability of osteognic tissues for rapid bone formation under distraction force and special protocol with optimum rate of one millimeter per day. periodontal membrane of teeth (pdm) is the extension of periostium in the alveolar socked. orthodontic force distracts pdm fibers in the tension...

Factor IX (F.IX) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein, a deficiency of which results in hemophilia B. A canine model of hemophilia B exists; attempts to use this model for gene transfer experiments or characterization of the hemophilic defect require elucidation of normal canine F.IX structure. We report the isolation and characterization of the coding region for canine F.IX cDNA. Canine F.I...

Background. It has been suggested that left ventricular unloading at the time of reperfusion provides superior infarct salvage over reperfusion alone. The purpose of this study was to show that the Hemopump transvalvular axial-flow left ventricular assist device provides superior left ventricular unloading, ischemic zone collateral blood flow, and infarct size reduction compared with intra-aort...