Testing the CAPM boils down to testing the mean/variance efficiency of the market portfolio. Numerous studies have examined the mean/variance efficiency of various market proxies by employing sample parameters, and have concluded that these proxies are inefficient. Shrinkage methods do not seem to help. These findings cast doubt about one of the cornerstones of modern finance. This study adopts...

CAPM theory is the core of modern financial theory. As time went on, more and people began to invest in research, many contradictions have emerged, not least highly idealistic assumptions harsh implementation conditions. Different from CAPM, which only has a single factor market risk beta, The inclusion size premium book-to-market ratio this model can effectively explain stock results. By intro...

Hedge Funds are considered as one of the portfolio management sectors which shows a fastest growing for the past decade. An optimal Hedge Fund management requires an appropriate risk metrics. The classic CAPM theory and its Ratio Sharpe fail to capture some crucial aspects due to the strong non-Gaussian character of Hedge Funds statistics. A possible way out to this problem while keeping the CA...