Vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins require carboxylation for diverse functions that include hemostasis, apoptosis, and Ca(2+) homeostasis, yet the mechanism of carboxylation is not well understood. Combined biochemical and chemical studies have led to a long-standing model in which a carboxylase Cys catalytic base deprotonates vitamin K hydroquinone (KH(2)), leading to KH(2) oxygenation and Glu...

Willis, W. T., M. R. Jackman, M. E. Bizeau, M. J. Pagliassotti, and J. R. Hazel. Hyperthermia impairs liver mitochondrial function in vitro. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278: R1240–R1246, 2000.—The effects of temperature on the relationships among the rates of pyruvate carboxylation, O2 uptake (Jo), oxidative phosphorylation (Jp), and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis (Gp) w...

Climatic extremes threaten agricultural sustainability worldwide. One approach to increase plant water-use efficiency (WUE) is to introduce crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) into C3 crops. Such a task requires comprehensive systems-level understanding of the enzymatic and regulatory pathways underpinning this temporal CO2 pump. Here we review the progress that has been made in achieving this g...

Improvement of leaf photosynthesis is an important strategy for greater crop productivity. Here we show that the quantitative trait locus GPS (GREEN FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) controls photosynthesis rate by regulating carboxylation efficiency. Map-based cloning revealed that GPS is identical to NAL1 (NARROW LEAF1), a gene previously reported to control lateral leaf growth. T...

The facile syntheses of a variety functionalized propiolic acids were achieved by carboxylation of alkynylsilanes with carbon dioxide mediated by cesium fluoride under ambient conditions.

The interaction between variety, rootstock, and trellis height is important for grapevine management, mainly producing new varieties of grapes juice wine in wine-growing regions with high production potential. Then, this study aimed to evaluate the rootstocks influence on photosynthesis, biochemical, yield performance hybrids. experiment was carried out a randomized block design using two facto...

Carbon isotope fractionation in metabolic processes following carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is not as well described as the discrimination during photosynthetic CO(2) fixation. However, post-carboxylation fractionation can influence the diel variation of delta(13)C of leaf-exported organic matter and can cause inter-organ differences in delta(13)C. To obtain a more mechanist...

Light is an important resource for plant growth and development, crops need to change their physiological characteristics to different light environments. Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka. is an important economic plant which is widely planted at home. A greenhouse experiment was conducted from April 2010 with different sun-shading treatment, 85% (CK), 60% (T1), 35% (T2) and 10% (T3). After...

A microbial enrichment culture from marine sediment was able to grow on hexadecan-2-one as the sole source of carbon and energy under sulfate-reducing conditions. Oxidation of the ketone involved carboxylation reactions and was coupled to sulfide production. This enrichment culture also grew on 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one.