background: it is not clear whether the latest activation sites in the left ventricle (lv) are matched with infracted regions in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (icm). we aimed to investigate whether the latest activation sites in the lv are in agreement with the region of akinesia in patients with icm.   methods: data were analyzed in 106 patients (age = 60.5 ± 12.1 y, male = 88.7%) with...

arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (arvd/c) is a congenital cardiac disease with myocardial involvement, most probably right ventricular (rv) dysfunction, accounting for 20% of sudden cardiac deaths. characterized by the fibro-fatty infiltration of the rv free wall, arvd/c presents in adolescents with ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure symptoms and as biventricular...

Cardiomyopathies can generally be categorized into two groups, based on World Health Organization guidelines: extrinsic and intrinsic. In extrinsic cardiomyopathies the primary pathology is outside the myocardium. Most cardiomyopathies are extrinsic, because the most common cause is ischemia. Intrinsic cardiomyopathies is weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to an identifiable ex...

Disorders of the Pericardium Pericardial Effusion Pericarditis Acute Pericarditis Chronic Pericarditis With Effusion Constrictive Pericarditis Coronary Heart Disease Coronary Circulation Pathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Stable Angina Variant Angina Silent Myocardial Ischemia Acute Coronary Syndromes Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarct...

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by a high rate of hospitalization and mortality (up to 84% at 5 years), which are similar those observed for heart reduced (HFrEF). These epidemiologic data claim the development specific innovative therapies reduce burden morbidity associated this disease. Compared HFrEF, due primary myocardial damage (eg ischemia, cardiom...

background: echocardiographic evaluations of the longitudinal axis of the left ventricular (lv) function have been used in the diagnosis and assessment of heart failure with normal ejection fraction (hfnef). the evaluation of the global and segmental peak systolic longitudinal strains (pslss) by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (ste) may correlate with conventional echocardiogr...

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined by the combination of an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and a normal free thyroxine (T4L) level. Dilated cardiomyopathy characterized both dilation ventricles hypokinesia these ventricles. It predominantly involves left ventricle, but right ventricle frequently involved.We present two cases idiopathic dilated associated with ...

Examples of toxic cardiomyopathies of various characteristics are presented. Daunomycin and doxorubicin, antineoplastic drugs, cause multifocal cardiomyopathies and intractable heart failure by cardiotoxic mechanisms; these effects are delayed and related to the cumulative dose. Cobalt caused diffuse vacuolar cardiomyopathy in chronic beer drinkers. The development of fulminant heart failure wa...

bifid cardiac apex is a rare anomaly of human hearts. we report of the case of a 34-year-old man with a previous history of ventricular septal defect (vsd) and subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. he had undergone pulmonary commissurotomy and vsd closure 22 years before he was referred to our center for evaluation of progressive dyspnea. transthoracic echocardiography revealed atrial septal defect (...

Cardiomyopathies are an important and heterogeneous group of diseases. The awareness and knowledge of these diseases in both the public and medical communities historically has been impaired by persistent confusion surrounding definitions and nomenclature. Classification schemes, of which there have been many, (Thiene et al., 2000, 2004; Richardson et al., 1996) are potentially useful in drawin...